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Table of Contents
tag is the root element
puts the meta information of the page
is the container for the main content of the page
Home Web Front-end HTML Tutorial Understanding the HTML Document Structure

Understanding the HTML Document Structure

Jul 19, 2025 am 03:06 AM

A standard HTML document contains four basic structural tags, namely the document type declaration , root element,

meta information area, and content area. 1. is located in the first line of the document, declaring the use of HTML5 standards to avoid the browser from entering weird mode; 2. is the root element to wrap the entire page content, and it is recommended to add a lang attribute to specify the language; 3. is used to store meta information, including character encoding <meta charset="UTF-8">, page title , description information <meta name="description">, and the introduction of CSS and JavaScript files; 4. is a container for user-visible content, including paragraphs, pictures, links and other elements, and it is recommended to use semantic tags such as
,
, and
to improve structural clarity. The correct use of these infrastructures is critical to compatibility, accessibility, and SEO optimization.

Understanding the HTML Document Structure

The structure of HTML documents is actually not complicated, but it is the basis of web page development. When many people first started learning HTML, they might just know how to write a few tags, such as <p></p> , <code><div> , and <code><a></a> , but to really build a complete page, they still have to start with the overall structure. A standard HTML document should contain basic structural tags, such as , <code> , <code> and , each of which plays different roles and also determines how the browser parses and displays the page content. Understanding the HTML Document Structure

Document type declaration:

This is the first line of the HTML document, which tells the browser which version of HTML is currently using. Now most web pages use HTML5, so this line only requires writing .<br> If you don't write it or write it wrong, the browser may enter "weird mode", causing the page to display abnormally.<br> For example, in older versions of HTML, the document type declaration will be longer, like this:

  • <br> But now there is no need to be so complicated, just keep it simple.

tag is the root element

The content of the entire page must be wrapped in the tag, which means that this is the root element of the HTML document.
This tag usually also has a lang attribute to specify the language of the web page, such as lang="en" means English and lang="zh" means Chinese.
This is helpful for SEO and accessibility, plus suggestions.

Understanding the HTML Document Structure

puts the meta information of the page

The part will not be displayed directly on the page, but there are many key contents in it:

  • <title></title> : The title of the page, displayed on the browser tab
  • <meta> tags: For example, setting character encoding ( <meta charset="UTF-8"> ) and describing information (very important for SEO)
  • Introduce CSS files: import style sheets through <link> tags
  • Introducing JavaScript files (sometimes): Although scripts are usually placed at the bottom of the page, they can also be placed here, but pay attention to the loading order issue

For example, a typical part might look like this:

Understanding the HTML Document Structure
 <head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <title>My web page</title>
  <meta name="description" content="This is a simple HTML page example">
  <link rel="stylesheet" href="style.css">
</head>

is the container for the main content of the page

All content that users can see, such as text, pictures, buttons, links, etc., must be placed in the tag.
You can organize your content using various HTML tags here, such as:

  • Paragraph: <p></p>
  • Title: <h1></h1> to <h6></h6>
  • Image: <img alt="Understanding the HTML Document Structure" >
  • Link: <a></a>
  • Containers: <div> and <code><span></span>

    This part is the core of the web page, and it is recommended to have clear structure and clear semantics. For example, don’t use a bunch of <div> to pile up pages, but use semantic tags such as <code><header></header> , <code><main></main> , <code><footer></footer> and other semantic tags.

    Basically that's it. The HTML document structure looks simple, but in actual development, many novices will ignore some details, such as forgetting to write , not setting <code>lang attributes, or misplaced scripts and style sheets. While these issues do not cause the page to crash completely, they can affect compatibility, accessibility, and SEO performance. As long as you write these basic parts correctly, the subsequent work will be much smoother.

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