The correct use of HTML data-properties must follow naming specifications, store string values, and avoid abuse. First, the attribute name must start with data-, and lowercase words are separated by hyphen, such as data-user-id; second, the value must be of string type, and complex data must be converted into JSON strings; finally, it is only used in scenarios that require JS processing, and does not replace semantic tags or CSS class names. In JavaScript, it can be accessed through the dataset object. The data-user-name in HTML corresponds to the camel in JS named userName. Common uses include storing data IDs, controlling behavior switches, passing configuration information, and cooperating with frameworks. Notes include: not storing sensitive information, avoiding large amounts of data affecting performance, manually updating the DOM after modification, and preventing naming conflicts. The rational use of data- attributes can improve code clarity and maintenance efficiency, but should not be overly relied on.
In web development, sometimes we need to store some additional information in HTML elements, such as the ID, status or configuration parameters corresponding to the button. HTML provides a standard way to achieve this: data-* attribute.
It's very simple, it's to add a property starting with data- on the label, followed by your customized name and value. The browser does not render these properties, but you can easily read or modify them through JavaScript, which is ideal for bridges for front-end and back-end data interactions.
How to use data-* attribute correctly
First of all, naming must be standardized. The attribute name must start with data- , and can be followed by any lowercase string, delimiting words with hyphen, for example: data-user-id or data-is-active .
<button data-user-id="12345" data-is-active="true">Click me</button>
Secondly, the value can only be of string type. If you need to save an array or object, you have to convert it to a JSON string first:
<div data-info='{"name": "Alice", "age": 28}'></div>Finally, don't abuse it. Although it can put any data, it should not be used instead of semantic HTML tags or CSS class names, only for those scenarios that require JS processing.
How to access data-* attributes in JavaScript
The most recommended way is to use dataset API. Each element with data-* attribute has a dataset object that contains all custom data.
For example, the following code:
<span data-role="admin" data-user-name="JohnDoe"></span>
Data can be obtained by:
const element = document.querySelector('span'); console.log(element.dataset.role); // Output: admin console.log(element.dataset.userName); // Output: JohnDoe
Note the naming conversion rules: data-user-name in HTML becomes userName in JS, that is, the hyphen turns into camel.
If you want to set or update a value, you can also directly assign the value:
element.dataset.userName = 'NewName';
Common uses and precautions
Common uses include:
- Store the data IDs associated with elements (such as user ID, article ID)
- Switch flags that control front-end behavior (such as
data-loading="true") - Pass a small amount of configuration information to JS when page initialization
- Work with front-end framework for data binding (such as Vue or React)
Things to note:
- Not suitable for releasing sensitive information because HTML is publicly readable
- Try to avoid large amounts of data, which will affect page performance
- The DOM will not be automatically synchronized after modification unless the properties are updated manually
- If multiple components rely on the same
data-*attribute, pay attention to naming conflicts
Basically that's it. data-* attribute is a simple and practical gadget. If used well, it can improve code clarity and maintenance efficiency, but don't rely too much on it.
The above is the detailed content of HTML `data-*` Attributes for Custom Data. For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!
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