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Table of Contents
Use Redis or Memcached to do session sharing
Use database to store sessions (suitable for existing databases)
Some precautions for load balancing
Home Backend Development PHP Tutorial How to share PHP sessions across multiple servers or a load balancer?

How to share PHP sessions across multiple servers or a load balancer?

Jul 18, 2025 am 04:45 AM
load balancing php session

Using centralized storage to solve the Session sharing problem under PHP load balancing is to change local file storage to unified storage. 1. Use Redis or Memcached as centralized storage, modify the php.ini configuration session.save_handler and session.save_path to point to the Redis or Memcached instance to ensure that all servers read and write the same data; 2. Store the Session into MySQL or PostgreSQL through the custom SessionHandler class, which is suitable for existing databases. You need to implement read, write, destroy and other methods and call session_set_save_handler to register; 3. When using load balancing, open a "sticky session" to reduce network overhead, ensure that each server is consistent in time to avoid expiration issues, and choose a concurrent Session processing method to prevent blockage.

How to share PHP sessions across multiple servers or a load balancer?

If you are running PHP applications using multiple servers and using load balancing, then there will be problems with the default file-based session storage. Because each request may be distributed to a different server, if the session data is not shared, the user will frequently log in and lose status.

How to share PHP sessions across multiple servers or a load balancer?

The core idea of solving this problem is: change the session from local file storage to centralized storage, so that all servers can read and write to the same place.


Use Redis or Memcached to do session sharing

This is one of the most common and recommended practices.

How to share PHP sessions across multiple servers or a load balancer?

By default, PHP stores session on the server's local disk, but you can replace it with Redis or Memcached by configuring session.save_handler and session.save_path .

For example, set in php.ini :

How to share PHP sessions across multiple servers or a load balancer?
 session.save_handler = redis
session.save_path = "tcp://10.0.0.1:6379"

This way all servers will write session to the same Redis instance. As long as Redis is not hung up, each server can get user session data.

Tips:

  • If you are using PHP's phpredis extension, make sure the extension is installed and enabled.
  • You can encrypt passwords and specify DBs, such as:
     session.save_path = "tcp://10.0.0.1:6379?auth=yourpassword&database=2"

    Use database to store sessions (suitable for existing databases)

    If you don't want to introduce new components like Redis, you can also use MySQL and PostgreSQL to store sessions.

    The implementation method is generally to write a session handler class yourself, inherit SessionHandlerInterface of PHP, and then rewrite read , write , destroy and other methods to store the data in the database.

    Although the performance is not as good as Redis, its advantage lies in its clear structure and easy maintenance, especially when you already have a database service.

    Brief steps:

    • Create a session table containing session_id, data, expire_time fields
    • Implement custom session handler class
    • Call session_set_save_handler() in the entry file to register this class
    • Finally, don't forget session_start()

    Some precautions for load balancing

    Even if you use a unified session storage, there are some things to pay attention to when load balancing.

    • Try to enable the "Sticky Session" or "Session Affinity" function
      In this way, which server the user's first request is assigned to, the subsequent request will also be called to the same server. Although it is not necessary, network overhead can be reduced in some scenarios.

    • Pay attention to the consistency of the expiration time
      For example, if you set setcookie(session.cookie_lifetime) in your code, or use a framework-like encapsulation method, you must ensure that the time zone and time of each server are synchronized.

    • Avoid concurrency problems caused by session locks
      The default session mechanism of PHP is blocking, that is, after a session is turned on, other requests will wait for it to close. If using Redis or DB, it is recommended to use handlers that support concurrent processing, or use a lightweight session operation method.


    Basically that's it. Change the configuration, choose a suitable storage method, and then combine it with the load balancing strategy to realize session sharing across servers. Not too complicated, but details are easy to ignore.

    The above is the detailed content of How to share PHP sessions across multiple servers or a load balancer?. For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!

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