Laravel's exception handling is managed uniformly through the App\Exceptions\Handler class. 1. The Handler class is the core, including report() to record exceptions and render() to return responses; 2. You can customize the API error format in render(); 3. Use renderable and reportable methods to quickly handle specific exceptions; 4. Combining Monolog and third-party services to implement logging and exception reporting.
Laravel's exception handling mechanism is actually quite intuitive. The core is to handle errors and exceptions uniformly, making it easier for developers to control the behavior of program errors. It centrally manages all exceptions through App\Exceptions\Handler class and returns the appropriate response in conjunction with the HTTP status code.
1. The core of Laravel exception handling: App\Exceptions\Handler
This class is the "brain" of the entire exception handling, and there are two main methods:
-
report(): used to record exceptions (such as logs) or send notifications (such as emails to developers) -
render(): Decide what kind of response to the user, such as JSON error message or custom error page
For example, if you throw a ModelNotFoundException in the controller, Laravel will automatically capture and return a 404 response. And you can also customize this behavior in this Handler.
2. How to customize exception handling
Many times the default exception handling is not enough, for example, you want to return a unified format JSON error message to the API request instead of an HTML page.
You can do this:
- Determine the request type in
render()method ofHandler.php - Return different response structures for different exception types
For example, this code can also return JSON when your API errors:
use Illuminate\Auth\AuthenticationException;
use Illuminate\Http\Request;
protected function unauthenticated($request, AuthenticationException $exception)
{
return $request->expectsJson()
? response()->json(['error' => 'Unauthenticated'], 401)
: redirect()->guest($exception->redirectTo() ?? route('login'));
}3. Quickly handle specific exceptions using Reportable and Renderable
Starting with Laravel 8, a more concise way is also supported: use reportable and renderable methods directly in exception handling.
You can write it like this in register() method of App\Exceptions\Handler :
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\ModelNotFoundException;
$this->renderable(function (ModelNotFoundException $e, $request) {
if ($request->wantsJson()) {
return response()->json([
'error' => 'Resource not found'
], 404);
}
});This method is especially suitable for handling temporary needs or small projects, and does not require creating exception classes separately.
4. Logging and exception reporting
Laravel has integrated Monolog by default, and exceptions can be recorded in log files. If you want to report these errors to third-party services (such as Sentry, Bugsnag), you can add logic to report() method:
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Log;
use Sentry\State\Scope;
public function report(Throwable $exception)
{
if ($this-> shouldReport($exception)) {
// Report to Sentry
\Sentry\captureException($exception);
// Log to the local log at the same time Log::error($exception);
}
parent::report($exception);
}This ensures that critical errors are not missed.
Basically that's it. Master the Handler class and render/report method well, and make some customizations in combination with the project needs, Laravel's exception handling is not difficult.
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