How to create a reusable dropdown menu component in Vue?
Jul 18, 2025 am 02:30 AM
Create a reusable drop-down menu component in Vue, which requires the control of content and triggering methods through props and the use of slots to achieve customization. 1. The component structure includes trigger buttons and pull-down panels, using label prop to set button text, isOpen to control the display status; 2. The interactive logic adopts v-model bidirectional binding to control the display, combined with disabled props to support the disabled state, and click outside closing is achieved through clickoutside command; 3. The style is controlled by class, the slot allows custom menu content, and supports trigger and default slot expansion; 4. The command encapsulation of v-click-outside is used to optimize the closing logic and improve the interactive experience. The solution is clear in structure and highly extensible, and is suitable for a variety of scenarios.
Create a reusable drop-down menu component in Vue, the core is that the components are structured clearly, logically decoupled, and flexible in style. The key point is to control menu content and trigger mode through props, and to use slots to achieve flexible content customization.
Basic structure and component division
First, you need a basic component structure, usually a Dropdown.vue file. The component should contain a trigger element (such as a button) and a pull-down panel. The basic structure is as follows:
<template>
<div class="dropdown">
<button @click="toggle">{{ label }}</button>
<div v-show="isOpen" class="dropdown-menu">
<slot></slot>
</div>
</div>
</template> In this structure, label is a prop, used to set button text; isOpen is an internal state variable, controlling whether to display drop-down content; slot is used to insert menu items.
Control display and interaction logic
In order to make the components more flexible, it can support functions such as clicking externally close, disable status, and automatic menu hiding. This part of the logic can be handled like this:
- Use
v-modelto control the display status of the menu - Use
refto get the component DOM, and use theclickoutsidecommand to achieve click external close - Supports disabled status (prop
disabled)
Sample code:
props: {
label: String,
modelValue: Boolean,
disabled: Boolean
},
setup(props, { emit }) {
const isOpen = computed({
get: () => props.modelValue,
set: (val) => emit('update:modelValue', val)
});
const toggle = () => {
if (props.disabled) return;
isOpen.value = !isOpen.value;
};
// Add clickoutside logic or use third-party instructions}Style and slot expansion
In order to make components more general, styles should be controlled using class, rather than writing them to death. At the same time, using the slot mechanism allows users to customize menu content. for example:
<template>
<dropdown v-model="showMenu">
<template #default>
<div class="menu-item" @click="handleClick">Option 1</div>
<div class="menu-item" @click="handleClick">Option 2</div>
</template>
</dropdown>
</template> You can also support multiple slots, such as trigger slots for custom trigger buttons, and default slots for menu content.
Optimize interactive experience with instructions
To improve the interactive experience, a v-click-outside instruction can be encapsulated to detect whether a click occurs outside the component, thereby automatically closing the menu. This directive can be encapsulated separately as a plug-in or registered locally within the component.
Sample instructions:
const clickOutside = {
mounted(el, binding) {
el.clickOutsideEvent = (event) => {
if (!(el === event.target || el.contains(event.target))) {
binding.value();
}
};
document.addEventListener('click', el.clickOutsideEvent);
},
unmounted(el) {
document.removeEventListener('click', el.clickOutsideEvent);
}
};Then use in the component:
<div v-click-outside="close" class="dropdown-menu">...</div>
Basically that's it. This component can meet the needs of most scenarios, with clear structure, controllable logic, and convenient for subsequent expansion.
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