To enable the navigation bar or bottom information in a web page to always display on the screen, use CSS' position: sticky. 1. When making Sticky Header, you need to set position: sticky and top: 0, and make sure that the parent element has no overflow: hidden restrictions. It is also recommended to set background color and z-index to avoid content being exposed and overwritten; 2. When making Sticky Footer, you use position: sticky and bottom: 0, but if you want the footer to be fixed at the bottom of the screen regardless of the length of the content, you should use position: fixed; 3. If sticky is invalid, common reasons include not setting the top/bottom value, transform or filter of the parent element, undefined width or background color, and missing z-index, you can solve it by checking it one by one.
When making web pages, you often want to keep the navigation bar or bottom information displayed on the screen, no matter how the user scrolls the page. At this time, you can use "sticky positioning" to achieve this effect. HTML itself does not directly support the sticky effect, but it can be easily done with CSS position: sticky
.

Let’s start from the two most common scenarios and talk about how to make sticky header and footer.

How to make a Sticky Header
The most common situation is to expect the navigation bar to always be fixed at the top when the page is scrolling. This actually doesn't require complex JS, CSS can do it.
Key points:

- Use
position: sticky
-
top
value must be set, such astop: 0
- The parent element cannot have
overflow: hidden
or other restrictions
<header style="position: sticky; top: 0; background: white; z-index: 1000;"> This is my navigation bar</header>
After writing this way, when the user scrolls the page to the position of this header, it will "stick" to the top and stop moving.
Things to note:
- It is best to set the background color, otherwise the content will be revealed from the bottom when scrolling.
- Adding
z-index
ensures that it is not covered by other elements - Don't put it in the container
overflow: hidden
, otherwise it will fail
How to make a Sticky Footer fixed to the bottom
Some websites hope that footer will not block the content when the page content is not long enough, but will continue to appear at the bottom of the screen when the content is long. This effect can also be achieved with sticky.
<footer style="position: sticky; bottom: 0; background: #f0f0f0;"> This is my footer</footer>
Key points to use:
- Set
position: sticky
bottom: 0
- The page content must be long enough to see the scrolling effect
- If the page content is too short, footer will be directly posted at the bottom of the page, not at the bottom of the screen
If you want footer to be fixed at the bottom of the screen regardless of the length of the content , you don't need to use sticky, but position: fixed
:
footer { position: fixed; bottom: 0; left: 0; width: 100%; }
This method is suitable for the "always visible" footer button bar commonly used on mobile terminals.
What should I do if I encounter sticky that doesn’t take effect?
Sometimes I clearly wrote position: sticky
, but it didn't work. There are several possible reasons:
- Forgot to set
top
orbottom
- The parent element uses
overflow: hidden
,transform
orfilter
- No width is set, resulting in abnormal size after detachment of document stream
- No background color or z-index is set, it is blocked by other content and cannot be seen
You can try to check these points, and the problem can basically be solved.
Basically these methods. sticky is actually quite simple, the key is to remember its dependencies and common pitfalls. If you use the right place, the user experience will be greatly improved.
The above is the detailed content of How to create a sticky header or footer in HTML?. For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!

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