Creating responsive HTML messages requires the following methods: 1. Ensure compatibility with inline styles; 2. Replace Flexbox or Grid with table layout; 3. Set viewport tags, fixed-width containers, picture max-width, and mobile adaptation with table simulation buttons; 4. Previews must be tested on multiple clients and real devices. This can improve the display stability and user experience on different devices and email clients.
Creating a responsive HTML message is indeed a bit challenging because the support for HTML and CSS is chaotic across major mail clients. But if your goal is to make emails appear normally on different devices, there are some practical ways to follow.

Using Inline Styles
Most mail clients have limited support for <style></style>
tags, or even completely ignored. To ensure that your style can be applied correctly, it is best to write CSS directly in the style
attribute of the tag.
for example:

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellpacing="0" width="100%"> <tr> <td style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; color: #333;"> This is a text with a stable style. </td> </tr> </table>
Although it is a bit troublesome to write, it is a key step to ensure compatibility.
Table-based Layout
Responsive web pages often use Flexbox or Grid layouts, but these are basically unavailable in HTML mail. Instead, the ancient <table>
layout is replaced.

- Clear table structure and strong compatibility
- A certain degree of adaptability can be achieved by setting the width to a percentage
To give a simple example:
<table width="100%" border="0" cellpacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tr> <td width="50%" style="padding: 10px;">Left content</td> <td width="50%" style="padding: 10px;">Right content</td> </tr> </table>
This way, it can maintain a good layout effect even in the old version of Outlook.
Mobile adaptation skills
Although you cannot use media queries to be truly "responsive", you can do some basic optimizations to make the mobile experience better:
Set the viewport meta tag (although some email clients may ignore):
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
Use a fixed width container, for example, the maximum width is set to 600px, centered to display
Image setting
max-width: 100%
to ensure that the screen does not exceedButtons are simulated using
<table> , not
CSS
You can also define some styles for mobile devices. Although not all clients support them, they can at least improve the reading experience of some users.
Testing and previewing are essential
The most troublesome thing about HTML emails is that "it looks OK" does not mean "everyone can see the correct effect." So be sure to test it!
- Preview in multiple mail clients (such as Gmail, Outlook, Apple Mail, Yahoo Mail, etc.)
- Use tools such as Litmus or Email on Acid
- Send it to yourself or colleagues to see the results on real devices
The test step cannot be skipped, otherwise it is easy to have an embarrassing situation of "only after sending it out, you will find that the layout is inconsistent".
Basically that's it. HTML email development is not as free as web pages, but as long as you master the routine, you can also create stable and beautiful email templates.
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