The methods to run scripts using the PHP CLI include: 1. Make sure that PHP is installed and environment variables are configured, and run php script.php to execute scripts; 2. You need to manually add PHP path to environment variables on Windows, and Ubuntu and other systems can install php-cli packages; 3. Common parameters such as -a (interactive mode), -r (execution code), -l (synchronization check), and -S (start the server); 4. Get command line parameters through $argc and $argv, or use getopt() to handle complex options; 5. Actual applications include timing tasks, data import and export, command line tool development and unit testing. After mastering these basic operations, PHP CLI can become an efficient and practical development aid.

Using PHP CLI (command line interface) is actually not difficult, especially when you are already familiar with PHP's web development, it is more like a "change-run" PHP. CLI is mainly used for executing scripts, debugging code, timing tasks, automated deployment and other scenarios, and does not need to rely on browsers or HTTP requests.

How to run a PHP script?

The most basic usage is to run the .php file through the command line. For example:

 php script.php

The premise is that your system has PHP installed and the php command is available in environment variables. If it is not configured properly, you can first run which php or php -v to confirm whether the installation is successful.

• If you are developing on Windows, you may need to manually add the PHP path to the system environment variables.
• Some servers (such as Ubuntu) only install Apache module by default and do not have CLI extensions, so they need to be reinstalled with sudo apt install php-cli .

What are the commonly used parameters under CLI?

The PHP CLI provides some common parameters to control how scripts run. Here are some more common ones:

• -a : Enter interactive mode, suitable for temporary testing of some small functions.
• -r : Run a piece of PHP code directly, such as:

   php -r "echo 'Hello World';"

• -l : Syntax checking, it will not execute code, it will just help you see if there are any syntax errors:

   php -l script.php

• -S : Start a simple built-in web server suitable for local testing:

   php -S localhost:8000

These parameters are very practical when debugging or writing tool scripts, especially -r and -l , which can quickly verify logic and syntax.

How to get the parameters passed in the command line?

The PHP CLI supports getting command line parameters through $argc and $argv .

For example:

 php script.php foo bar --option=1

In the script you can handle it like this:

 <?php
var_dump($argv);
// Output: array(3) { [0]=> string(10) "script.php" [1]=> string(3) "foo" [2]=> string(3) "bar" }

Note that the first parameter is always the script name itself, and the following is what is passed in by the user. If you want to support more complex parameter parsing (such as parameters with options), you can use the getopt() function:

 $options = getopt("f:v::", ["file:", "verbose::"]);

This allows you to identify parameter formats such as --file=filename or -f filename .

Examples of practical application scenarios

1. Timed tasks : In conjunction with Linux crontab, regularly clean logs and backup data.
2. Data import and export script : For example, importing a database from CSV is faster and more stable than web forms.
3. Command line tool development : For example, Laravel's Artisan command and Composer are also based on the PHP CLI.
4. Unit testing : Many testing frameworks (such as PHPUnit) are run through the command line.

This type of script usually does not need to consider page rendering, and the logic is more focused and more efficient.

Basically that's it. After mastering the basic usage, you will find that PHP CLI is a very practical helper. Although it looks simple, many advanced features cannot be separated from it.

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