How to get the current working directory in C ? (std::filesystem)
Jul 09, 2025 am 01:18 AM
In C 17, you can directly get the current working directory using std::filesystem::current_path(). By including the header file
In C 17, std::filesystem library provides a very convenient way to handle file system paths and operations. Obtaining the current working directory is one of the common requirements and it is not complicated to implement.
Use std::filesystem::current_path()
This is the most direct way:
#include <iostream>
#include <filesystem>
int main() {
std::filesystem::path currentPath = std::filesystem::current_path();
std::cout << "Current working directory: " << currentPath << std::endl;
return 0;
}This code will output the current working directory where your program is running. Note that this directory may vary depending on whether you run from the command line, start the IDE, or call it through a script.
Frequently Asked Questions and Precautions
The return type is a path object : you can use
.string()or.generic_string()to convert it into string format.
Exception handling : By default, an exception will be thrown if an error occurs. If you don't want the program to crash, you can pass in a
std::error_codeparameter to avoid exceptions:std::error_code ec; auto path = std::filesystem::current_path(ec); if (ec) { std::cerr << "Error getting current path: " << ec.message() << std::endl; }
Is it common on different platforms?
Yes, std::filesystem is cross-platform, and you can use the same code whether you develop on Windows, Linux, or macOS. The path separator under Windows will be automatically used \ (but path class will help you deal with splicing problems), while the Unix-like system uses / .
However, the following points should be paid attention to:
- If you splice the path manually, please use
/or the splicing method ofstd::filesystem::pathto ensure compatibility. - If there are special characters or Chinese in the path string, it is best to make sure that your environment supports UTF-8 encoding, otherwise garbled code may be displayed.
Example: Convert path to string output
If you want to output the path as a string to the log or console, you can do this:
std::cout << "As string: " << currentPath.string() << std::endl; // Or use generic_string() to force the forward slash style std::cout << "Generic: " << currentPath.generic_string() << std::endl;
The results of the output of these two methods may be slightly different, depending on the operating system.
Basically that's it. It is straightforward to use std::filesystem::current_path() to get the current directory, but don't forget to deal with possible errors and path format conversions.
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