Five key points to be noted when improving accessibility in Vue projects: First, use semantic HTML tags, such as , links, and form controls to cooperate with ; Second, manage the focus when dynamic content updates, such as focusing on the main content after the page is switched, focusing on internal elements after the pop-up window is opened, and using aria-live prompts to update in real time; Third, keyboard navigation control tab index, add tabindex="0" to make the elements focusable, avoid abuse of high-value tabindex, and reasonably set the tab process; Fourth, add alternative text to pictures and icons, must have alt attribute, icon font or SVG add aria-label or aria-hidden according to the situation; Fifth, continue to pay attention to a11y details in daily development to improve product inclusion.

When working on Vue projects, many people tend to ignore accessibility (a11y), but in fact this is an important part of building high-quality web applications. A11y becomes particularly important especially when you want the product to be used by more people, including visually impaired, keyboard navigation users and other groups. Vue itself does not affect the implementation of a11y, but some details during the development process will directly affect the user experience.

Use semantic HTML tags

Many people like to use div or span to wrap various interactive elements, such as buttons or links, but this is actually a big pit in terms of accessibility. Screen readers rely on semantic tags to understand page structure and functionality.

• Use <button></button> for buttons, don't use div @click="xxx" ;
• For links, you should use <a href="..."></a> instead of adding a span with click event;
• Form controls must be used in conjunction with <label for="id"></label> so that the screen reader can correctly associate the description information.

If you really need to customize components, remember to add ARIA attributes, such as role="button" and tabindex="0" to allow elements to have basic focusability and behavior.

Dynamic content updates and focus management

In Vue, conditional rendering and data changes often trigger DOM updates. In this case, if the user is operating the page, he may encounter problems such as "lost focus" or "content updated but no prompt".

• After the page switches or area refreshes, you should actively set the focus to the main content area, such as a newly loaded form or title;
• When using v-if to control pop-up display, it is recommended to move the focus to the first focusable element inside the pop-up after opening;
• For content that is updated in real time (such as notification areas), you can consider using aria-live area to tell the screen reader that there is dynamic content update here.

For example:

 <div aria-live="polite" class="notification">
  {{ message }}
</div>

This way, when message changes, the screen reader will automatically read out new content.

Keyboard navigation and tab index control

Many users rely entirely on the keyboard to operate web pages, so it is important to ensure that all interactive elements are accessible via the Tab key.

• In the custom component, add tabindex="0" to the clickable element so that it can be focused;
• Don't abuse the high value of tabindex="999" , it will disrupt the default tab order and cause confusion;
• When there are multiple focusable items inside the component, pay attention to whether the tab process is reasonable. For example, the tab range should be restricted to its internal content after the pop-up window is opened.

You can test whether these behaviors are as expected through the "Keyboard Navigation" mode in the browser developer tools.

Images and icons need alternative text

If the picture does not have a suitable alternative text, it will be blank for visually impaired users. Icons, in particular, are often decorative, but may also carry important meanings.

• All <img alt="Vue Accessibility (a11y) Guidelines" > must have an alt attribute, even if it is empty (for pure decor);
• If you are using icon fonts or SVG, you should also add aria-label or aria-hidden="true" according to the situation;
• When using the component library icon in Vue, be careful to check whether it provides accessible properties by default.

For example, when using SVG icon:

 <svg aria-label="Search" role="img">
  <!-- path data -->
</svg>

This way the screen reader can know what the icon is for.

Basically that's it. The a11y practice in the Vue project is not complicated, but it is easily overlooked. As long as you pay more attention to a few key points in daily development, you can significantly improve the usability and inclusion of products.

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