Implementing Effective Responsive Design with CSS Media Queries
Jul 05, 2025 am 01:35 AMMedia queries are CSS3 features that are used to dynamically adjust styles according to device attributes to ensure responsive design. It realizes different screen adaptation through @media rules combined with breakpoints (such as max-width, min-width). Common breakpoints include: 1. Mobile phone vertical screen: max-width: 480px; 2. Mobile phone horizontal screen or small tablet: 481px-768px; 3. Tablet and above: ≥769px. There are two ways to organize structure: centralized management by breakpoint is suitable for small projects, and decentralized management by components is conducive to maintenance of large projects. When using it, you should follow the mobile priority principle, adopt relative units, avoid excessive breakpoints, and consider high resolution and printing style adaptation, and cooperate with real machine testing to optimize the experience.
In web design, ensuring that the website can be displayed well on different devices is the key to improving the user experience. Responsive design achieves this through CSS Media Queries, which can dynamically adjust page layout and style according to the characteristics of the device.

What is media inquiry?
Media queries are part of CSS3, allowing you to apply different style rules based on the characteristics of the device. The most common use is to set breakpoints based on the screen width, which provides an optimized view for devices such as phones, tablets and desktops.

You can write a basic media query like this:
@media (max-width: 768px) { /* Style for devices with a maximum width of 768px*/ }
A common practice is to use several key breakpoints, such as:

- Mobile phone vertical screen:
max-width: 480px
- Mobile phone horizontal screen or small tablet:
min-width: 481px
to768px
- Tablet and above:
min-width: 769px
Of course, more detailed control can be carried out in combination with equipment direction, resolution and other conditions.
How to organize media query structure?
A good structure facilitates post-maintenance and expansion. There are usually two ways:
Centralized management by breakpoint : All styles for a certain screen size are centralized in a media query block.
@media (max-width: 768px) { .header { font-size: 16px; } .nav { display: none; } }
Decentralized management by component : Each component contains its own responsive style, which is convenient for modular development.
.nav { display: flex; } @media (max-width: 768px) { .nav { display: none; } }
The former is suitable for small projects, while the latter is more suitable for large projects or using CSS preprocessors such as Sass.
Practical tips and precautions
- Mobile priority principle : first write the mobile style, and then gradually enhance the large-screen experience, which is in line with the trend of modern web development and is also conducive to performance optimization.
- Use relative units : try to replace
px
withem
orrem
to make the font size and layout more flexible. - There are many test tools : don’t rely solely on browser scaling. It is recommended to use real-machine tests or emulators to view the actual results.
- Avoid too many breakpoints : Although many media queries can be defined, it is easier to maintain. Usually 2 to 4 major breakpoints are enough.
- Consider high-resolution screens : high-definition pictures or icons can be loaded through queries such as
(min-resolution: 2dppx)
.
Last point: Don't ignore the print style
In addition to common screen adaptations, media queries can also be used for printing styles. For example, hide the navigation bar, remove the background color, adjust the font size, etc. to improve the readability of the print.
@media print { nav, aside { display: none; } body { font-size: 12pt; background: white; color: black; } }
Basically that's it. Mastering the structure and usage of media queries can make your website more professional and friendly on various devices.
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