


How to create a responsive navigation bar with a hamburger menu using HTML?
Jul 05, 2025 am 01:05 AMThe key to making a responsive navigation bar is to realize the collapse function of the menu on the small screen. The core steps include: 1. Building an HTML structure, including containers, logos, links and hidden hamburger buttons; 2. Using CSS media to query and control styles under different screen sizes, hide the menu and display the hamburger buttons on the mobile side; 3. Using JS to realize the interactive logic of click expansion and collapse. Specifically: the navigation items are displayed in HTML.nav-links, and the .hamburger button is hidden by default; the menu is set in CSS to absolutely position and hide the menu, and the hamburger button is displayed; JS controls the menu expansion and collapse by switching the .active class to ensure smooth interaction.
The key to making a responsive navigation bar is to make the menu fold into a hamburger button on a small screen. The core is the HTML structure CSS media query a little JS control switch.

1. Basic structure: How to write HTML part
First set up a basic structure, including a container, logo (optional), link and hamburger button.

<nav class="navbar"> <div class="logo">MySite</div> <ul class="nav-links"> <li><a href="#">Home</a></li> <li><a href="#">About</a></li> <li><a href="#">Contact</a></li> </ul> <button class="hamburger" id="hamburger"> ? </button> </nav>
Here are a few key points:
-
.nav-links
is the navigation item that is displayed normally - The
.hamburger
button is hidden by default and only displayed on the mobile terminal. -
id="hamburger"
facilitates the use of JS to control click events later
2. Mobile style: How to control display and hide in CSS
Use media queries to switch styles. Usually bounded by 768px or 600px.

.nav-links { display: flex; gap: 1rem; } .hamburger { display: none; } @media (max-width: 768px) { .nav-links { position: absolute; top: 100%; left: 0; right: 0; background: white; flex-direction: column; padding: 1rem; display: none; } .nav-links.active { display: flex; } .hamburger { display: block; } }
The main logic is:
- The hamburger button does not display by default, it only appears under the small screen
- The menu is hidden by default, and the active class controls the display
- Use
position: absolute
to place the menu below the navigation bar
3. Click to expand: JS implements interaction
Add a simple JS control class name change:
document.getElementById('hamburger').addEventListener('click', function () { document.querySelector('.nav-links').classList.toggle('active'); });
What this code does is simple:
- Bind the button click event
- Toggle the
.active
class to let the menu show or hide
If you don't want to use JS, you can also try pure CSS (such as checkbox), but the experience is not that smooth, so it is recommended to use JS.
Basically that's it. With clear structure, adaptable styles and simple interaction, you can create a practical responsive navigation bar. Don't forget to test the performance under different screen sizes, especially whether it can be closed after clicking.
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