Deploying PHP code requires clear, safe and controllable processes and can be rolled back quickly. Key points include: 1. Use Git to manage code, adopt branch policies and pull specified tag deployment; 2. Automate the deployment process, improve consistency through scripts or CI/CD tools and add backup mechanisms; 3. Properly handle dependency management and environment differences, use composer install --no-dev and isolate sensitive configurations; 4. Improve logging and rollback mechanisms to ensure that problems can be quickly recovered.

Deploying PHP code is not complicated, but it is not easy to do it well. The key is clear, safe and controllable, and can roll back quickly. The following aspects are the most important points to pay attention to in actual projects.

Use a version control system (such as Git)

The first step in deployment should be to incorporate the code into Git management. This not only allows you to track changes, but also facilitates synchronizing code between different environments.

• It is recommended to use Git's branch strategy, such as main for production, develop for development, and code review before functional branches merge.
• When deploying, do not copy files directly, but pull the specified branch or tag on the server through Git to ensure that the tested version is deployed.
• If you are worried about permission issues, you can set up a deployment account and restrict its permissions to avoid using root to pull code.

Although this operation is one or two more steps, it can reduce many human errors in the long run.

Automated deployment process

Manually uploading files and modifying configuration will sooner or later make errors. Automated deployment not only improves efficiency, but also improves consistency.

• You can use simple shell scripts to implement basic deployment processes, such as pulling code, updating dependencies, restarting services, etc.
• To go a step further, you can use CI/CD tools such as GitHub Actions, GitLab CI, or Jenkins. They can automatically run tests, packages, and deploy after code is submitted.
• Don't forget to include backup mechanisms in your deployment scripts, such as backing up the current code and database, for quick rollback.

For example: after each push of the main branch, CI will be automatically deployed to the test server and run the test again, and then pushed to the production server after no problem.

Pay attention to dependency management and environmental differences

PHP projects usually use Composer to manage dependencies, and this part must be handled well.

• When deploying, you should use composer install --no-dev command to skip development dependencies, saving space and being safer.
• Exclude .env files from Git and configure them separately on the deployment server to avoid leakage of sensitive information.
• The configuration between different environments (development, testing, production) is best managed in a unified manner, such as through environment variable control.

Sometimes the local operation is normal, and an error occurs after deployment, mostly because an extension or configuration item is ignored.

Logs and rollback mechanisms cannot be missing

What should I do if there is any problem after it goes online? Logs and rollback mechanisms are your "regret medicine".

• Log application-level logs (such as Laravel's Log Facade) and check them regularly.
• Add the function of switching directories or soft links to the deployment script, so that rollback only requires changing the link to the previous version.
• If you use a database migration script (such as Laravel Migrations), you should also consider how to fall back.

For example, if you deploy the new version and find that there is a problem, a simple command can cut back to the old version, instead of rushing to upload the file again.

Basically that's it. It seems simple, but it is easy to ignore details at every step. When done, deployment is as easy as pressing a button.

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