The fr unit in CSS Grid distributes available space proportionally. 1. It works by dividing space based on the sum of fr values, e.g., 1fr 2fr gives one-third and two-thirds. 2. It enables flexible layouts, avoids manual calculations, and supports responsive design. 3. Common uses include equal-width columns, proportional columns, and mixing fixed with flexible sizes.
CSS Grid introduced a new unit called the fr unit, which stands for "fraction". The fr unit is used to distribute available space in a grid container. It allows you to specify how much of the remaining space each column or row should take up.
Here's a breakdown:
How fr units work
- When you define columns or rows using
grid-template-columns
orgrid-template-rows
, you can usefr
to allocate space proportionally. - For example, if you have
grid-template-columns: 1fr 2fr;
, the first column will take up one-third of the available space, and the second column will take up two-thirds. - The total number of fractions is calculated by summing all the fr values (in this case, 1 2 = 3), and each part is assigned accordingly.
Why use fr units?
- Flexible layout: Fr units make it easy to create flexible layouts that adapt to different screen sizes without relying on fixed pixel values.
- Avoid manual calculations: You don’t need to manually calculate percentages or worry about margins eating into your layout—Grid handles it automatically.
- Responsive design: They’re especially useful when building responsive designs where you want elements to resize smoothly based on available space.
Common use cases
-
Equal-width columns: Use
1fr
for each column to make them equal width.grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr 1fr;
- Proportional columns: Create uneven columns with specific ratios.
grid-template-columns: 2fr 1fr;
- Mixing fixed and flexible sizes: Combine
fr
with fixed units likepx
orrem
.grid-template-columns: 200px 1fr 2fr;
In short, fr units simplify the process of creating dynamic, proportional layouts in CSS Grid. They’re not complicated once you understand how they divide space—but they’re powerful when used right.
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