Capsules are three-dimensional geometric figures, composed of a cylinder and a hemisphere at each end. The volume of the capsule can be calculated by adding the volume of the cylinder and the volume of the hemisphere at both ends. This tutorial will discuss how to calculate the volume of a given capsule in Java using different methods.

Capsule volume formula

The formula for capsule volume is as follows:

<code>膠囊體積 = 圓柱體體積 + 兩個(gè)半球體體積</code>

where, r: Radius of the hemisphere. h: The height of the cylinder (excluding the hemisphere).

Example 1

Enter

<code>半徑 = 5 單位
高度 = 10 單位</code>

Output

<code>體積 = 1570.8 立方單位</code>

Explanation

Calculate volume using formula:

<code>體積 = π × r2 × h + (4/3) × π × r3<br>體積 = 785.4 + 523.6
體積 = 1570.8 立方單位</code>

Example 2

Enter

<code>半徑 = 7 單位
高度 = 15 單位</code>

Output

<code>體積 = 4311.97 立方單位</code>

Explanation

Calculate volume using formula:

<code>體積 = π × r2 × h + (4/3) × π × r3
體積 = 2309.4 + 2002.57 立方單位
體積 = 4311.97 立方單位</code>

How to calculate capsule volume in Java?

The following are different ways to calculate the volume of capsules in Java:

• Use direct formula method
• Using function method

Calculate capsule volume using direct formula method

We use the direct formula method to calculate the volume of the capsule in Java. The formula for capsule volume is: volume = π × r2 × h (4/3) × π × r3.

Implementation steps

• Prefer radius and height as input parameters.
• Use formulas to calculate volume.
• Print the result.

Implementation code

import java.lang.Math;

public class CapsuleVolume {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        double radius = 5;
        double height = 10;

        double volume = Math.PI * Math.pow(radius, 2) * height + (4.0 / 3) * Math.PI * Math.pow(radius, 3);

        System.out.printf("半徑為 %.1f，高度為 %.1f 的膠囊體積為：%.2f 立方單位\n", radius, height, volume);
    }
}

Output

<code>半徑為 5.0，高度為 10.0 的膠囊體積為：1309.00 立方單位</code>

Time complexity: O(1)

Space complexity: O(1)

Calculate capsule volume using function method

We will use a function to calculate the volume of the capsule. The logic and formulas for calculating volumes remain the same, but we encapsulate the calculations in a reusable function.

Implementation steps

• Define a function that calculates the volume of the capsule using formula.
• Pass the input value (radius and height) to the function.
• Return the result and print it.

Implementation code

import java.lang.Math;

public class CapsuleVolume {

    public static double calculateVolume(double radius, double height) {
        double cylindricalVolume = Math.PI * Math.pow(radius, 2) * height;
        double hemisphericalVolume = (4.0 / 3) * Math.PI * Math.pow(radius, 3);
        return cylindricalVolume + hemisphericalVolume;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        double radius = 5;
        double height = 10;

        double volume = calculateVolume(radius, height);

        System.out.printf("半徑為 %.1f，高度為 %.1f 的膠囊體積為：%.1f 立方單位\n", radius, height, volume);
    }
}

Output

<code>半徑為 5.0，高度為 10.0 的膠囊體積為：1309.0 立方單位</code>

Time complexity: O(1)

Space complexity: O(1)

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