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Table of Contents
text() - Selects Text Node Content
string() - Converts Input to a Single String
Key Differences Summary
Home Backend Development XML/RSS Tutorial What is the difference between text() and string() in XPath for XML?

What is the difference between text() and string() in XPath for XML?

Oct 16, 2025 am 10:27 AM

text() selects direct text nodes, returning multiple results like "John " and " Doe" from John Alan Doe; 2. string() converts node content to a single string, including all descendants, yielding "John Alan Doe"; 3. text() is for filtering text nodes in paths, while string() provides complete textual representation where scalar values are needed.

What is the difference between text() and string() in XPath for XML?

In XPath, text() and string() serve different purposes and operate in distinct ways when working with XML content.

text() - Selects Text Node Content

text() is a node test that selects the actual text nodes within an element. It returns the raw textual content contained directly inside an element, excluding any child elements or markup.

For example, given this XML:

John Alan Doe

Using name/text() would return two text node results: "John " and " Doe". It does not include the content from the element because text() only selects direct text children.

string() - Converts Input to a Single String

string() is a function that converts its argument (usually a node or node set) into a single string value. When applied to an element, it extracts all descendant text content, concatenated in document order.

Using the same XML example:

John Alan Doe

The expression string(name) would return "John Alan Doe" as one complete string. It includes text from both the direct children and nested elements.

If no argument is provided, string() converts the context node.

Key Differences Summary

  • text() is a location step that selects text nodes; string() is a function that returns a string value.
  • text() can return multiple text nodes; string() always returns one flattened string.
  • text() ignores descendant elements; string() includes all text from descendants.
  • text() is used in path expressions; string() is used where a scalar value is needed.

Basically, use text() when you need to select or filter based on direct text content, and use string() when you want the complete textual representation of an element and its children.

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