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這個快速啟動指南將向您展示如何使用 DockerCompose 來設(shè)置和運(yùn)行 Rails/PostgreSQL 應(yīng)用程序。在開始之前，你需要組合安裝...
定義項目
首先設(shè)置構(gòu)建應(yīng)用程序所需的四個文件。首先，由于您的應(yīng)用程序?qū)⒃诎幸蕾囮P(guān)系的 Docker 容器中運(yùn)行，因此您需要準(zhǔn)確定義容器中需要包含的內(nèi)容。這是通過使用名為的文件完成的Dockerfile。首先，Dockerfile 由以下部分組成：
FROM ruby:2.3.3RUN apt-get update -qq && apt-get install -y build-essential libpq-dev nodejs RUN mkdir /myapp WORKDIR /myapp ADD Gemfile /myapp/Gemfile ADD Gemfile.lock /myapp/Gemfile.lock RUN bundle install ADD . /myapp
這會將您的應(yīng)用程序代碼放入一個圖像中，該圖像將與 Ruby，Bundler 以及其內(nèi)的所有依賴關(guān)系構(gòu)建一個容器。有關(guān)如何編寫 Dockerfiles 的更多信息，請參閱 Docker 用戶指南和 Dockerfile 參考。
接下來，創(chuàng)建一個Gemfile只加載 Rails 的引導(dǎo)程序。它會在一瞬間被覆蓋rails new。
source 'https://rubygems.org'gem 'rails', '5.0.0.1'
你需要一個空的Gemfile.lock為了建造我們的Dockerfile。
touch Gemfile.lock
最后，docker-compose.yml是魔術(shù)發(fā)生的地方。該文件描述了組成應(yīng)用程序（數(shù)據(jù)庫和 Web 應(yīng)用程序）的服務(wù)，如何獲取每個人的 Docker 鏡像（數(shù)據(jù)庫僅在預(yù)制 PostgreSQL 鏡像上運(yùn)行，Web 應(yīng)用程序是從當(dāng)前目錄構(gòu)建的），以及將它們鏈接在一起并公開 Web 應(yīng)用程序的端口所需的配置。
version: '3'services: db: image: postgres web: build: . command: bundle exec rails s -p 3000 -b '0.0.0.0' volumes: - .:/myapp ports: - "3000:3000" depends_on: - db
針尖：：您可以使用
.yml或.yaml此文件的擴(kuò)展名。
構(gòu)建項目
有了這四個文件之后，現(xiàn)在可以使用以下方法生成 Rails 框架應(yīng)用程序 docker-compose 運(yùn)行。
docker-compose run web rails new . --force --database=postgresql
首先，撰寫將為web使用Dockerfile.然后它會運(yùn)行rails new在一個新的容器中，使用該圖像。一旦完成，你就應(yīng)該生成一個新的應(yīng)用程序。
列出文件。
$ ls -l total 64-rw-r--r-- 1 vmb staff 222 Jun 7 12:05 Dockerfile-rw-r--r-- 1 vmb staff 1738 Jun 7 12:09 Gemfile-rw-r--r-- 1 vmb staff 4297 Jun 7 12:09 Gemfile.lock-rw-r--r-- 1 vmb staff 374 Jun 7 12:09 README.md-rw-r--r-- 1 vmb staff 227 Jun 7 12:09 Rakefile drwxr-xr-x 10 vmb staff 340 Jun 7 12:09 app drwxr-xr-x 8 vmb staff 272 Jun 7 12:09 bin drwxr-xr-x 14 vmb staff 476 Jun 7 12:09 config-rw-r--r-- 1 vmb staff 130 Jun 7 12:09 config.ru drwxr-xr-x 3 vmb staff 102 Jun 7 12:09 db-rw-r--r-- 1 vmb staff 211 Jun 7 12:06 docker-compose.yml drwxr-xr-x 4 vmb staff 136 Jun 7 12:09 lib drwxr-xr-x 3 vmb staff 102 Jun 7 12:09 log drwxr-xr-x 9 vmb staff 306 Jun 7 12:09 publicdrwxr-xr-x 9 vmb staff 306 Jun 7 12:09 test drwxr-xr-x 4 vmb staff 136 Jun 7 12:09 tmp drwxr-xr-x 3 vmb staff 102 Jun 7 12:09 vendor
如果您在 Linux 上運(yùn)行 Docker，則文件rails new所創(chuàng)建的是根用戶擁有的。這是因為容器以根用戶的身份運(yùn)行。如果是這樣，請更改新文件的所有權(quán)。
sudo chown -R $USER:$USER .
如果您在 Mac 或 Windows 上運(yùn)行 Docker，您應(yīng)該已經(jīng)擁有所有文件的所有權(quán)，包括rails new。
現(xiàn)在你已經(jīng)有了一個新的 Gemfile，你需要再次構(gòu)建圖像。（這和Gemfile對 Dockerfile 的更改應(yīng)該是唯一需要重建的時間。）
docker-compose build
連接數(shù)據(jù)庫
應(yīng)用程序現(xiàn)在可以啟動，但你還沒有完全到位。默認(rèn)情況下，Rails期望數(shù)據(jù)庫在其上運(yùn)行。localhost-所以你需要把它指向db而是集裝箱。您還需要更改數(shù)據(jù)庫和用戶名，使其與postgres圖像。
替換config/database.yml的內(nèi)容有以下幾點：
default: &default adapter: postgresql encoding: unicode host: db username: postgres password: pool: 5development: <<: *default database: myapp_development test: <<: *default database: myapp_test
您現(xiàn)在可以使用 docker 啟動應(yīng)用程序 - 撰寫：
docker-compose up
如果一切順利，您應(yīng)該會看到一些 PostgreSQL 輸出，然后幾秒鐘后是8212；您應(yīng)該看到熟悉的重音：
Starting rails_db_1 ...Starting rails_db_1 ... done Recreating rails_web_1 ...Recreating rails_web_1 ... done Attaching to rails_db_1, rails_web_1 db_1 | LOG: database system was shut down at 2017-06-07 19:12:02 UTC db_1 | LOG: MultiXact member wraparound protections are now enabled db_1 | LOG: database system is ready to accept connections db_1 | LOG: autovacuum launcher started web_1 | => Booting Puma web_1 | => Rails 5.0.0.1 application starting in development on http://0.0.0.0:3000web_1 | => Run `rails server -h` for more startup options web_1 | Puma starting in single mode...web_1 | * Version 3.9.1 (ruby 2.3.3-p222), codename: Private Caller web_1 | * Min threads: 5, max threads: 5web_1 | * Environment: development web_1 | * Listening on tcp://0.0.0.0:3000web_1 | Use Ctrl-C to stop
最后，您需要創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)庫。在另一個終端，運(yùn)行：
docker-compose run web rake db:create
下面是該命令的輸出示例：
vmb at snapair in ~/sandbox/rails $ docker-compose run web rake db:create Starting rails_db_1 ... done Created database 'myapp_development'Created database 'myapp_test'
查看 Rails 歡迎頁面！
就這樣，您的應(yīng)用程序現(xiàn)在應(yīng)該運(yùn)行在您的 Docker 守護(hù)進(jìn)程的端口3000上。
在 Docker for Mac 和 Docker for Windows 上，轉(zhuǎn)到http://localhost:3000Web 瀏覽器以查看 Rails 歡迎。
如果您使用 Docker Machine，則docker-machine ip MACHINE_VM返回可添加端口（<Docker-Host-IP>:3000）的
Docker 主機(jī) IP 地址。
二次
停止應(yīng)用程序
若要停止應(yīng)用程序，請運(yùn)行碼頭工人在您的項目目錄中。您可以使用啟動數(shù)據(jù)庫的同一終端窗口，也可以使用訪問命令提示符的另一個終端窗口。這是停止應(yīng)用程序的一種干凈的方法。
vmb at snapair in ~/sandbox/rails $ docker-compose down Stopping rails_web_1 ... done Stopping rails_db_1 ... done Removing rails_web_run_1 ... done Removing rails_web_1 ... done Removing rails_db_1 ... done Removing network rails_default
您還可以用Ctrl-C在執(zhí)行docker-compose up如果您以這種方式停止應(yīng)用程序，并試圖重新啟動它，您可能會收到以下錯誤：
web_1 | A server is already running. Check /myapp/tmp/pids/server.pid.
若要解決此問題，請刪除該文件。tmp/pids/server.pid，然后用docker-compose up。
重新啟動應(yīng)用程序
要重新啟動應(yīng)用程序：
運(yùn)行
docker-compose up在項目目錄中。
在另一個終端中運(yùn)行此命令以重新啟動數(shù)據(jù)庫：
docker-compose run web rake db:create
重建應(yīng)用程序
如果對 Gemfile 或 Composed 文件進(jìn)行更改以嘗試一些不同的配置，則需要重新構(gòu)建。有些更改只需要docker-compose up --build，但是完全重建需要重新運(yùn)行docker-compose run web bundle install同步Gemfile.lock給主機(jī)，然后是docker-compose up --build。
下面是第一個例子，在這種情況下，完全重建是不必要的。假設(shè)您只想將本地主機(jī)上的公開端口更改為3000在我們的第一個例子中3001更改撰寫文件以公開端口。3000在新港口的集裝箱上，3001，并保存更改：
ports: - "3001:3000"
現(xiàn)在，用docker-compose up --build，然后重新啟動數(shù)據(jù)庫：docker-compose run web rake db:create...
在容器內(nèi)部，您的應(yīng)用程序像以前一樣運(yùn)行在相同的端口上3000，但現(xiàn)在http://localhost:3001您的本地主機(jī)上仍可使用 Rails Welcome 。
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