struct{} 是 Go 中無字段的結(jié)構(gòu)體，占用零字節(jié)，常用于無需數(shù)據(jù)傳遞的場景。它在通道中作信號使用，如 goroutine 同步；2. 用作 map 的值類型模擬集合，實(shí)現(xiàn)高效內(nèi)存的鍵存在性檢查；3. 可定義無狀態(tài)的方法接收器，適用于依賴注入或組織函數(shù)。該類型廣泛用于表達(dá)控制流與清晰意圖。
In Go, the empty struct, written as struct{}, is a struct type with no fields. It takes up zero bytes of storage and is often used when you need to signal an event or represent presence without carrying any data.
1. As a placeholder in channels
When using channels for signaling (not transferring data), struct{} is ideal because it conveys intent clearly and uses no memory:
<br>done := make(chan struct{})<br><br>go func() {<br> // do some work<br> close(done)<br>}()<br><br>
This pattern is common in goroutine synchronization. Using struct{} instead of bool or int makes it clear no value is being sent—only a signal.
2. For managing sets with map keys
Go doesn’t have built-in set types. A common idiom is using a map[T]struct{} to emulate a set of values:
<br>set := make(map[string]struct{})<br><br>set["hello"] = struct{}{}<br>set["world"] = struct{}{}<br><br>// Check membership<br>if _, exists := set["hello"]; exists {<br> // key is present<br>}<br>
The struct{} as value takes zero space, making this approach memory-efficient. The focus is on key presence, not the associated value.
3. To define method receivers without data
You can define methods on struct{} if you want a type with behavior but no state:
<br>type worker struct{}<br><br>func (w worker) Process() {<br> // perform task<br>}<br>
This is less common but useful in dependency injection or when organizing functions under a named type without needing fields.
Basically, struct{} is a lightweight, zero-memory way to express structure or control flow in Go. It’s widely used in idiomatic code for signaling, sets, and clean APIs.
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