創(chuàng)建模型和遷移：使用 php artisan make:model Post -m 生成模型和遷移文件，定義表結(jié)構(gòu)后運(yùn)行 php artisan migrate；2. 基本CRUD操作：通過(guò) Post::all()、find()、create()、save() 和 delete() 方法實(shí)現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)的查詢、創(chuàng)建、更新和刪除；3. 使用Eloquent關(guān)聯(lián)：在模型中定義 belongsTo 和 hasMany 關(guān)系，并通過(guò) with() 方法實(shí)現(xiàn)關(guān)聯(lián)數(shù)據(jù)的預(yù)加載以避免N 1查詢問(wèn)題；4. Eloquent查詢：利用查詢構(gòu)造器鏈?zhǔn)秸{(diào)用如 where、orderBy 等方法，并通過(guò)局部作用域 scopePublished 復(fù)用查詢邏輯；5. 批量賦值保護(hù)：在模型中設(shè)置 $fillable 或 $guarded 屬性以防止意外賦值；6. 軟刪除：引入 SoftDeletes trait 并在遷移中添加 softDeletes()，使用 delete() 和 restore() 控制軟刪除與恢復(fù)；7. 訪問(wèn)器與修改器：通過(guò) setTitleAttribute 和 getTitleAttribute 在設(shè)置或獲取屬性時(shí)自動(dòng)處理數(shù)據(jù)格式。Eloquent通過(guò)模型與數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)交互，使開(kāi)發(fā)者無(wú)需編寫原生SQL即可高效操作數(shù)據(jù)，建議每張表對(duì)應(yīng)一個(gè)模型，合理定義關(guān)聯(lián)關(guān)系并充分利用Eloquent提供的功能完成數(shù)據(jù)操作，最終實(shí)現(xiàn)清晰、可維護(hù)的代碼結(jié)構(gòu)。

Eloquent is Laravel’s built-in ORM (Object-Relational Mapper) that makes it easy to interact with your database using PHP syntax instead of writing raw SQL. It’s powerful, expressive, and beginner-friendly once you understand the basics. Here’s how to use Eloquent effectively in Laravel.

1. Creating Models and Migrations

Every database table has a corresponding Eloquent model. To create a model along with a migration, run:

php artisan make:model Post -m

This creates:

• app/Models/Post.php (the model)
• database/migrations/xxxx_xx_xx_create_posts_table.php (the migration)

In the migration file, define your table structure:

Schema::create('posts', function (Blueprint $table) {
    $table->id();
    $table->string('title');
    $table->text('content');
    $table->foreignId('user_id')->constrained();
    $table->timestamps();
});

Run the migration:

php artisan migrate

Now you can use the Post model to interact with the posts table.

Note: If your model is in a folder like Models, make sure to reference it correctly or update the default namespace in config/auth.php if needed.

2. Basic CRUD Operations

Once your model is set up, you can perform basic operations.

Retrieve All Records

$posts = Post::all();

Find a Record by ID

$post = Post::find(1);
// or throw an exception if not found
$post = Post::findOrFail(1);

Create a New Record

Post::create([
    'title' => 'My First Post',
    'content' => 'Hello World',
    'user_id' => 1,
]);

Or manually:

$post = new Post();
$post->title = 'Another Post';
$post->content = 'More content';
$post->user_id = 1;
$post->save();

Update a Record

$post = Post::find(1);
$post->title = 'Updated Title';
$post->save();

Or use mass update:

Post::where('id', 1)->update(['title' => 'Updated']);

Delete a Record

$post = Post::find(1);
$post->delete();

// or delete directly
Post::destroy(1);

3. Using Eloquent Relationships

Eloquent makes defining relationships between models simple.

Define a Relationship (e.g., Post belongs to User)

In the Post model:

public function user()
{
    return $this->belongsTo(User::class);
}

In the User model:

public function posts()
{
    return $this->hasMany(Post::class);
}

Now you can access related data:

$post = Post::with('user')->find(1);
echo $post->user->name; // Access the author

$user = User::find(1);
foreach ($user->posts as $post) {
    echo $post->title;
}

Use with() to eager load relationships and avoid N 1 query problems.

4. Querying with Eloquent

Eloquent models extend the query builder, so you can chain methods:

$publishedPosts = Post::where('status', 'published')
    ->where('created_at', '>', now()->subDays(7))
    ->orderBy('created_at', 'desc')
    ->get();

Scopes (Reusable Queries)

Define a local scope in your model:

public function scopePublished($query)
{
    return $query->where('status', 'published');
}

Use it:

$posts = Post::published()->get();

5. Mass Assignment Protection

To use create() or update() safely, define fillable or guarded fields.

In your model:

protected $fillable = ['title', 'content', 'user_id'];

Or, alternatively:

protected $guarded = []; // allows all, but less secure

6. Soft Deletes (Optional)

To "delete" records without removing them from the database:

• Add use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\SoftDeletes; to your model.
• Add $table->softDeletes(); in your migration.
• Then use ->delete() — it sets deleted_at instead of removing the row.

Restore a soft-deleted record:

$post = Post::withTrashed()->find(1);
$post->restore();

7. Accessors and Mutators

Modify data when getting or setting attributes.

Mutator (set)

public function setTitleAttribute($value)
{
    $this->attributes['title'] = ucfirst($value);
}

Accessor (get)

public function getTitleAttribute($value)
{
    return ucfirst($value);
}

Now every time you get or set title, it's capitalized.

Eloquent makes working with databases in Laravel intuitive and clean. Start with models and basic queries, then gradually use relationships, scopes, and accessors as your app grows. Most of the time, you won’t need raw SQL.

Basically, just remember: one model per table, define relationships, and let Eloquent do the heavy lifting.

以上是如何在Laravel中使用雄辯的詳細(xì)內(nèi)容。更多信息請(qǐng)關(guān)注PHP中文網(wǎng)其他相關(guān)文章！