Lerna適合發(fā)布多個(gè)npm包，專注版本管理和自動(dòng)化發(fā)布；2. Nx適合大型團(tuán)隊(duì)和復(fù)雜應(yīng)用，提供完整的開發(fā)體驗(yàn)、代碼生成和智能緩存；3. Turborepo適合追求快速構(gòu)建和簡單配置的項(xiàng)目，以性能為核心，通過緩存和并行任務(wù)提升CI/CD效率；最終選擇應(yīng)基于具體需求：發(fā)布選Lerna，結(jié)構(gòu)與體驗(yàn)選Nx，速度與輕量選Turborepo，現(xiàn)代項(xiàng)目常結(jié)合使用以兼顧優(yōu)勢，因此正確答案是根據(jù)問題選擇合適工具而非單一最佳方案。

So you’re thinking about using a monorepo for your JavaScript/TypeScript projects? Good call — they can streamline development when you’re juggling multiple related packages or apps. But once you decide to go monorepo, you’re faced with a new question: Which tool should you use? Lerna, Nx, and Turborepo are the top contenders. Let’s break them down in plain terms — no marketing fluff — so you can pick the right one for your team and project.

1. What’s the difference between Lerna, Nx, and Turborepo?

At a high level, all three tools help manage multiple packages in a single repository, but they approach the problem differently.

• Lerna started it all. It was one of the first tools built to manage JavaScript monorepos, especially for publishing multiple npm packages from one repo. It’s great for versioning and publishing, but not so much for performance or advanced build optimizations.

  

• Nx is more of a full-stack developer tooling platform. It goes beyond package management and offers deep code generation, dependency graph analysis, and powerful task orchestration. It’s opinionated and feature-rich, especially if you're using Angular, React, or Node.

• Turborepo is built for speed. It focuses on optimizing builds and tasks through caching and parallel execution. It’s lightweight, fast, and integrates well with existing tools — think of it as a build system for monorepos.

  

So:

• Lerna = package management publishing
• Nx = full dev experience tooling smart caching
• Turborepo = fast builds lightweight orchestration

2. When to use Lerna (and when not to)

Lerna is best if:

• You maintain a set of open-source packages that you publish to npm.
• You care about semantic versioning and want automated version bumps and changelogs.
• You’re not doing heavy builds or CI/CD optimization.

But here’s the catch: Lerna doesn’t do much for build performance. It doesn’t cache builds by default, and it runs tasks sequentially unless you layer in other tools.

Real talk: Many teams now use Lerna only for publishing, and pair it with Turborepo or Nx for builds.

Also, Lerna doesn’t track file changes across packages to determine what needs rebuilding — that’s a big downside in large repos.

So unless you’re focused on publishing workflows, Lerna alone probably isn’t enough these days.

3. Nx: The full-featured powerhouse

Nx shines when you want a batteries-included dev experience.

It gives you:

• ? Smart rebuilds based on code changes (affected projects)
• ? Code generators (e.g., nx generate @nx/react:lib)
• ? Powerful dev server with project-level routing
• ? First-class IDE integration and Nx Console
• ? Plugins for React, Next.js, NestJS, Angular, and more

Nx builds a full dependency graph of your workspace, so when you run nx affected:build, it only rebuilds what’s actually changed — and it can cache those builds too.

It’s especially strong in enterprise environments where consistency, scalability, and developer productivity matter.

But there’s a learning curve. Nx has its own mental model, config files (workspace.json, project.json), and command patterns. If you’re a small team or just want faster builds, it might feel heavy.

Also, while Nx supports any JS/TS project, it’s most at home in Angular and React ecosystems.

4. Turborepo: Speed-first, simple, and modern

Turborepo is the new kid on the block, but it’s fast (pun intended) gaining traction.

Why? Because it does one thing really well: make your builds faster.

It works by:

• Analyzing your package.json scripts and dependencies
• Caching task outputs (build, test, lint) locally and remotely
• Running tasks in parallel and smartly skipping unchanged ones

And the config is dead simple — just a turbo.json file:

{
  "pipeline": {
    "build": {
      "outputs": [".next/**", "dist/**"],
      "dependsOn": ["^build"]
    },
    "test": {
      "dependsOn": ["build"]
    }
  }
}

Turborepo uses file hashing to determine what’s changed, so it’s accurate and fast. It’s especially great for Next.js projects (it was made by the creators of Next.js, after all).

But it doesn’t generate code or manage versions like Lerna or Nx. It’s not a full IDE-level tool. It’s a build orchestrator.

So if you want speed without bloat, Turborepo is a solid pick.

Bottom line: Which should you choose?

Here’s a quick decision guide:

Many teams now combine tools:

• Use Lerna for publishing
• Use Turborepo for building and testing
• Or use Nx for everything, including smart caching

And yes — you can even use Turborepo with Lerna, or Nx with Turborepo’s caching. The lines are blurring.

Ultimately, it’s not really Lerna vs Nx vs Turborepo. It’s about what problem you’re solving.
Need publishing? Lerna.
Need developer experience and structure? Nx.
Need speed and simplicity? Turborepo.

Most modern monorepos benefit from a mix — but if you’re starting fresh and want fast builds with minimal config, Turborepo is probably your best bet.

Basically, it’s not about picking the “best” tool — it’s about picking the right tool for your needs.

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