pwd顯示當(dāng)前位置，ls查看文件，cd切換目錄；2. touch創(chuàng)建空文件，mkdir建文件夾，rm刪除文件或-r刪文件夾，mv重命名或移動(dòng)，cp復(fù)制文件；3. cat查看內(nèi)容，open用默認(rèn)應(yīng)用打開，nano編輯文本；加Tab補(bǔ)全、↑查歷史、Ctrl C終止、man查幫助，逐步練習(xí)即可熟練使用Terminal。

If you're new to macOS and want to start using the Terminal, here’s a beginner-friendly list of essential commands—plus what they do and why they’re useful.

? 1. Navigating Your File System

These commands help you move around folders (like clicking through Finder):

• pwd
  Print Working Directory – Shows your current location in the file system.
  Example output: /Users/yourname/Documents

  

• ls
  List files and folders in the current directory.
  Try:

  • ls -l → shows details (size, date, permissions)
  • ls -a → shows hidden files (those starting with .)

• cd [folder-name]
  Change Directory – Move into a folder.

  
  • cd Documents → goes into the Documents folder
  • cd .. → goes back one folder
  • cd ~ or just cd → goes back to your home folder

? 2. Creating, Moving, and Deleting Files/Folders

• touch filename.txt
  Creates a new empty file (great for testing).

• mkdir foldername
  Make Directory – creates a new folder.
  Example: mkdir Projects

• rm filename.txt
  Remove a file (?? permanent—no trash!).
  Use carefully!

• rm -r foldername
  Removes a folder and everything inside.
  ?? Even more careful! Test with ls first.

• mv oldname.txt newname.txt
  Move or Rename – also used to move files between folders:
  mv file.txt ~/Documents/

• cp file.txt copy.txt
  Copy a file.

? 3. Viewing and Editing Files

• cat filename.txt
  Shows the full content of a file in the Terminal.

• open filename.txt
  Opens the file in its default app (e.g., TextEdit for .txt).

• nano filename.txt
  Opens a simple text editor inside the Terminal (good for beginners).

  • Save: Ctrl O, then Enter
  • Exit: Ctrl X

?? Bonus Tips for New Users

• Auto-complete: Start typing a filename/folder and press Tab – macOS will fill it in if it’s unique.
• Command history: Press the ↑ (up) arrow to see previous commands.
• Stop a running command: Press Ctrl C.
• Get help: Type man command-name (e.g., man ls) to read the manual page.

These commands cover 90% of what beginners need. Practice them in a safe folder (like your Desktop or a test folder), and you’ll get comfortable fast. No need to memorize all at once—just use one or two each day.

Basically, it’s like Finder—but faster once you know the shortcuts.

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