如何在VS Code中調(diào)試Python應(yīng)用？答案是配置環(huán)境和launch.json文件，使用斷點(diǎn)并排查常見問題。具體步驟包括：1. 確保已安裝Python和Python擴(kuò)展，并選擇正確的解釋器；2. 創(chuàng)建或修改launch.json文件以配置調(diào)試參數(shù)，如指定運(yùn)行文件、控制臺(tái)類型和過濾庫代碼；3. 使用斷點(diǎn)暫停執(zhí)行并檢查變量、調(diào)用堆棧和表達(dá)式；4. 解決常見問題如斷點(diǎn)未命中、腳本不停止、Python版本錯(cuò)誤及路徑問題；5. 對(duì)多文件項(xiàng)目或Web應(yīng)用設(shè)置自定義啟動(dòng)配置以優(yōu)化調(diào)試流程。

Debugging Python applications in VS Code is straightforward once you understand the setup and configuration. The editor has built-in support for debugging, and with a few tweaks to your launch.json file, you can step through code, inspect variables, and evaluate expressions during runtime.

Set Up Your Environment

Before you start debugging, make sure your environment is ready:

• You have Python installed (either system-wide or in a virtual environment).
• The Python extension for VS Code is installed.
• Your workspace is configured to use the correct Python interpreter.

To verify your interpreter path, open the Command Palette (Ctrl Shift P or Cmd Shift P) and select Python: Select Interpreter. This ensures that any debugging uses the right packages and environment.

Also, it helps to keep your project structure clean — ideally, your script or module should be at the root of the workspace or clearly organized so that paths are easy to reference.

Configure launch.json for Debugging

The key file for setting up debugging in VS Code is launch.json. If it doesn’t already exist in your .vscode folder, you can create it by clicking the Run and Debug icon on the left sidebar, then selecting create a launch.json file.

Here’s a basic configuration for running a Python script:

{
  "version": "0.2.0",
  "configurations": [
    {
      "name": "Python: Current File",
      "type": "python",
      "request": "launch",
      "program": "${file}",
      "console": "integratedTerminal",
      "justMyCode": true
    }
  ]
}

• "name" is what you’ll see in the debugger dropdown.
• "program": "${file}" means it will run the currently open file.
• "console": "integratedTerminal" allows input/output via the terminal, which is helpful if your script requires user input.
• "justMyCode": true tells the debugger not to step into libraries, which keeps things focused.

You can also add more configurations for different entry points, such as unit tests or web apps like Flask or Django.

Use Breakpoints and Inspect Variables

Once your configuration is set up, you can start debugging by pressing F5 or clicking the green play button in the Run and Debug panel.

To pause execution:

• Click in the gutter next to a line number to set a breakpoint.
• When the program hits that line, it will pause, allowing you to inspect variables, call stack, and evaluate expressions.

While paused:

• Hover over variables in the editor to see their current values.
• Use the VARIABLES section in the debug sidebar to explore more deeply nested data.
• Use WATCH to track specific expressions or variables across steps.

You can step over lines (F10), step into functions (F11), or continue until the next breakpoint (F5). These controls are also available via the floating debug toolbar at the top of the editor window.

Handle Common Debugging Issues

Sometimes debugging might not work as expected. Here are a few common issues and how to address them:

• Breakpoints don't hit: Make sure "justMyCode": true isn’t skipping over your code unintentionally. Try setting it to false temporarily.
• Script runs but doesn’t stop: Double-check that breakpoints are actually enabled. Disabled ones appear gray instead of red.
• Wrong Python version used: Confirm the interpreter selected matches the one you expect. Sometimes VS Code defaults to an older version or global install.
• Path problems: If your script imports modules from other directories, you may need to adjust PYTHONPATH in your environment or use relative imports carefully.

For multi-file projects or web apps, consider setting up custom launch configurations that point directly to your app's main module or startup file.

基本上就這些。 With a proper setup, debugging in VS Code becomes a powerful part of your development workflow.

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