CSS屬性選擇器通過元素的屬性及值來定位并樣式化HTML元素，無需依賴類或ID。1.可通過是否存在某屬性選擇元素，如input[type]選中有type屬性的所有輸入框；2.可匹配精確值，如input[type="text"]僅作用于文本輸入框；3.支持部分匹配，包括~=(空格分隔)、|=(連字符分隔)以及^=、$=、*=(子串匹配)，適用于多值屬性和復(fù)雜條件篩選，但過度使用可能影響性能。這些選擇器適合處理表單、鏈接過濾、圖片選取等場景，使結(jié)構(gòu)更簡潔且無需JavaScript。

Attribute selectors in CSS let you target elements based on their attributes and the values those attributes hold. This makes it possible to style HTML elements without needing specific classes or IDs, which can be super handy when working with dynamic content or structured markup.

Here’s how they work and where they come in useful.

Selecting elements by attribute presence

You can target any element that has a particular attribute, regardless of its value. For example:

input[type] {
  border: 1px solid #ccc;
}

This rule will apply to all <input> elements that have a type attribute, no matter if it's "text", "email", or something else.

This is especially helpful when you want to apply base styles to form inputs or other elements that share an attribute but not necessarily a class.

Matching exact attribute values

If you need to get more specific, you can match elements where the attribute value is exactly what you're looking for:

input[type="text"] {
  padding: 8px;
}

Now only text inputs get this styling. Other input types like password or email won’t be affected. This kind of selector is widely used in forms to apply different styles per input type.

A few things to keep in mind:

• The match is case-sensitive in standard HTML.
• It needs to be an exact match — even extra spaces or formatting will break it.

Partial matches using modifiers

Sometimes you don’t need an exact match — maybe you’re dealing with space-separated or hyphenated values. That’s where the modifiers come in:

[attr~=value] – Space-separated list match

Useful when the attribute contains a list of space-separated values.

Example:

<div data-roles="admin user">...</div>

div[data-roles~="admin"] {
  background-color: #ffcccc;
}

This targets elements where "admin" is one of the roles.

[attr|=value] – Hyphen-separated match

Matches hyphenated values like language codes (en-US, fr-FR):

p[lang|="en"] {
  font-family: Arial, sans-serif;
}

This would match both lang="en" and lang="en-US".

[attr^=value], [attr$=value], [attr*=value] – Substring matching

These are more flexible and powerful:

• ^= starts with
• $= ends with
• *= contains

For example:

a[href^="https://"] {
  color: green;
}

This applies to all external links (assuming internal ones start with / or have no protocol).

Or this:

img[src*="logo"] {
  border-radius: 8px;
}

Any image whose source includes "logo" gets rounded corners.

These can be performance-heavy if overused, especially on large sites, so use them wisely.

Basic but effective

Attribute selectors give you a lot of control without complicating your HTML. They’re great for styling form elements, filtering links, targeting images, and much more.

They might not always be the first thing you reach for, but once you get used to them, they become part of your go-to toolkit. No JavaScript needed, just clean, semantic HTML and smart CSS.

基本上就這些。

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