配置第二個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)庫連接：在config/database.php中添加新連接並設(shè)置.env變量；2. 使用DB::connection('mysql_second')或模型$connection屬性指定連接；3. 運(yùn)行時(shí)可用on()方法動(dòng)態(tài)切換；4. 遷移時(shí)用Schema::connection()並配合--database選項(xiàng)執(zhí)行。

To connect to a second database in Laravel, you don't need complex packages or external tools. Laravel natively supports multiple database connections out of the box. You just need to configure them properly in your application.

1. Configure the Second Database in config/database.php

Laravel allows you to define multiple connections for the same or different database drivers. Open config/database.php and add a new connection under the 'connections' array. For example, adding a second MySQL database:

 &#39;mysql&#39; => [<br> &#39;driver&#39; => &#39;mysql&#39;,<br> &#39;host&#39; => env(&#39;DB_HOST&#39;, &#39;127.0.0.1&#39;),<br> &#39;database&#39; => env(&#39;DB_DATABASE&#39;, &#39;forge&#39;),<br> // ... other settings<br> ],<br><br> &#39;mysql_second&#39; => [<br> &#39;driver&#39; => &#39;mysql&#39;,<br> &#39;host&#39; => env(&#39;DB_SECOND_HOST&#39;, &#39;127.0.0.1&#39;),<br> &#39;port&#39; => env(&#39;DB_SECOND_PORT&#39;, &#39;3306&#39;),<br> &#39;database&#39; => env(&#39;DB_SECOND_DATABASE&#39;, &#39;second_db&#39;),<br> &#39;username&#39; => env(&#39;DB_SECOND_USERNAME&#39;, &#39;root&#39;),<br> &#39;password&#39; => env(&#39;DB_SECOND_PASSWORD&#39;, &#39;&#39;),<br> &#39;charset&#39; => &#39;utf8mb4&#39;,<br> &#39;collat??ion&#39; => &#39;utf8mb4_unicode_ci&#39;,<br> &#39;prefix&#39; => &#39;&#39;,<br> &#39;strict&#39; => true,<br> &#39;engine&#39; => null,<br> ],

Then, add the corresponding environment variables in your .env file:

 DB_SECOND_HOST=127.0.0.1<br> DB_SECOND_PORT=3306<br> DB_SECOND_DATABASE=your_second_db<br> DB_SECOND_USERNAME=root<br> DB_SECOND_PASSWORD=secret

2. Use the Second Connection in Queries

Once configured, use the connection() method to specify which database to use.

Using Query Builder:
DB::connection('mysql_second')->table('users')->get();

In Eloquent Models:
Specify the $connection property in your model:

 class User extends Model<br> {<br> protected $connection = &#39;mysql_second&#39;;<br> protected $table = &#39;users&#39;;<br> }

Now all queries on this model will use the second database.

3. Switch Connections at Runtime

You can dynamically switch connections when needed.

 $users = User::on('mysql_second')->get();

This temporarily uses the specified connection without changing the model's default.

If you're joining tables across databases and your database supports it (eg, MySQL), you can reference full database paths: DB::table('first_db.users')->join('second_db.profile', ...) But ensure user privileges allow cross-database access.

4. Migrations and Seeders for the Second Database

By default, migrations run on the default connection. To target the second database, specify the connection in the migration:

 Schema::connection(&#39;mysql_second&#39;)->create(&#39;profiles&#39;, function ($table) {<br> $table->id();<br> $table->string(&#39;bio&#39;);<br> $table->timestamps();<br> });

When seeding:

Model::on('mysql_second')->create([...]);

Run migrations for a specific connection using the --database flag:
php artisan migrate --database=mysql_second

Basically, Laravel's database configuration system makes handling multiple databases straightforward—define the connection, use it where needed, and manage migrations accordingly.

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