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Technical Articles

PHP Framework

Laravel

How do I use the authorize method in controllers to authorize actions?

Theauthorizemethodchecksifthecurrentuserhaspermissiontoperformaspecificactiononaresource,andraisesanexceptionifnot.Touseiteffectively,firstloadtheresource,thencallauthorizewiththatresource,andhandleunauthorizedaccessbyrescuingfromtheexceptionglobally

Jun 22, 2025 am 01:02 AM

controller Authorize

How do I customize the authentication views and logic in Laravel?

Laravel allows custom authentication views and logic by overriding the default stub and controller. 1. To customize the authentication view, use the command phpartisanvendor:publish-tag=laravel-auth to copy the default Blade template to the resources/views/auth directory and modify it, such as adding the "Terms of Service" check box. 2. To modify the authentication logic, you need to adjust the methods in RegisterController, LoginController and ResetPasswordController, such as updating the validator() method to verify the added field, or rewriting r

Jun 22, 2025 am 01:01 AM

How do I write feature tests in Laravel?

FeaturetestsinLaravelsimulateuserbehaviortotesthowdifferentpartsofyourapplicationworktogether.Towritethem,youuseArtisantocreateatestfilewithphpartisanmake:testExampleTest,thenutilizebuilt-inmethodslikeget(),post(),andassertionssuchasassertStatus()and

Jun 22, 2025 am 01:01 AM

laravel Feature Testing

What are the different types of tests in Laravel (unit tests, feature tests)?

Laravelprovidesseveraltypesoftestsincludingunit,feature,browser(Dusk),andPesttests.1.Unittestsfocusonisolatedpartslikemethodsorclasses,arefast,anddon’tinvolvethefullframework.2.FeaturetestssimulateHTTPrequeststotestroutes,controllers,andworkflowsend-

Jun 22, 2025 am 12:55 AM

unit test

How do I use the @can Blade directive to check authorization permissions?

In Laravel, the @canBlade directive is used to check in the view whether the user has permission to perform a specific action. 1. The basic usage is @can('ability name', model), for example, when displaying the "Edit" button, use @can('edit-post',$post) to wrap the link; 2. You can combine the @else or @cannot instructions to handle alternative content when there is no permission; 3. If the policy method requires multiple parameters, it can be passed through an array, such as @can('update-comment',[$comment,$post]); 4. For global permissions that do not involve the model, you can directly use @can('manage-settings') to check. Should

Jun 22, 2025 am 12:54 AM

What is a single action controller?

Single action controllers are suitable for handling a single HTTP request, especially when logic is complex but no full controller is required. It keeps the code concise by including only one __invoke method, which is commonly found in the Laravel or RubyonRails framework; usage scenarios include building endpoints for non-standard resource routing, API development and microservices; when created, it can be generated through command-line tools and written directly in __invoke; the key point is to keep it lightweight, focus on a single responsibility, and use it in combination with form requests or service classes to improve maintainability.

Jun 22, 2025 am 12:46 AM

How do I mock dependencies in Laravel tests?

TomockdependencieseffectivelyinLaravel,usedependencyinjectionforservices,shouldReceive()forfacades,andMockeryforcomplexcases.1.Forinjectedservices,use$this->instance()toreplacetherealclasswithamock.2.ForfacadeslikeMailorCache,useshouldReceive()tod

Jun 22, 2025 am 12:42 AM

dependency injection

How does Laravel handle authentication?

Laravel makes authentication simple and efficient through built-in authentication scaffolding, conversation and guard mechanism, middleware protection, password reset and email verification. First, use phpartisanmake:auth or Breeze/Jetstream to generate basic routes, controllers and views to quickly build login and registration interfaces; then process user login logic through Auth facade, verify credentials and store user ID into the session to maintain login status; then use auth middleware to protect the route, ensure that only users are authorized to access specific pages; at the same time, provide complete password reset and mailbox verification functions, support token generation and email asynchronous sending; finally allow custom user providers, session drivers, redirect paths and verification

Jun 21, 2025 am 12:58 AM

laravel Authentication

What are Eloquent relationships (one-to-one, one-to-many, many-to-many)?

The Eloquent relationship in Laravel is used to connect different database tables through a model to simplify associated data operations. One-to-one relationships such as user and information: the User model uses hasOne (Profile::class), and the Profile model uses belongsTo (User::class). One-to-many relationships such as articles and comments: The Post model uses hasMany(Comment::class), and the Comment model uses belongsTo(Post::class). Many-to-many relationships such as users and roles: both the User and Role models use belongsToMany() method, and the relationship is managed through intermediate tables.

Jun 21, 2025 am 12:56 AM

eloquent

What is the Blade templating engine in Laravel?

BladeisatemplatingengineinLaravelthatsimplifiesseparatingPHPlogicfromHTMLviews.Itallowsdeveloperstowriteclean,readabletemplatesusingdynamiccontent,controlstructures,andreusablelayouts.Bladefilesusethe.blade.phpextensionandsupportvariablesvia{{$variab

Jun 21, 2025 am 12:55 AM

How do I handle form submissions in Laravel?

Five core steps are required to handle form submission in Laravel: first, define POST routes in web.php, such as Route::post('/submit-form',[FormController::class,'handleForm']) and ensure that the form contains @csrf; second, use Artisan to create a controller and define the handleForm method to receive the Request object to obtain the input value; third, use validate() method to verify the input data and display error information with Blade; fourth, if the file is uploaded, add enctype="multipart/form-dat

Jun 21, 2025 am 12:46 AM

What are controller middleware, and how do I use them?

Controllermiddleware is a mechanism bound to the controller or its method to execute specific logic before and after request processing. 1. It is a function that runs before or after the request reaches the controller, used to implement functions such as authentication, permission control, logging, etc.; 2. Common usage scenarios include user authentication, permission checking, parameter processing, current limit and anti-brushing, etc., for example, in Express, access is restricted through a custom ensureAdmin function; 3. There are slightly different usage methods in different frameworks, such as Laravel binds middleware through constructors, Express uses app.use or routes to specify, and NestJS uses decorator method; 4. Practical suggestions include reasonable splitting logic,

Jun 21, 2025 am 12:44 AM

How do I create forms in Laravel?

LaravelprovidesacleanandefficientwaytocreateformsusingBladetemplates,controllers,andvalidation.1.UseBladetemplatestobuildHTMLformswith@csrfand@methoddirectivesforsecurityandHTTPmethods.2.HandleformsubmissionincontrollersviaRequestclasses.3.Validatein

Jun 21, 2025 am 12:36 AM

laravel form

What are route middleware in Laravel?

Laravel's routing middleware is a mechanism for filtering HTTP requests. It is divided into global middleware and routing middleware, where the routing middleware is bound to a specific route, and is registered in app/Http/Kernel.php, such as 'auth' and 'admin', and is applied using the middleware method in the route definition or controller constructor; common uses include authentication checking, permission control, logging, request frequency limit, etc.; for example, creating CheckAdmin middleware and implementing judgment logic through the handle method; middleware also supports parameter passing, such as passing parameters through 'role:editor,admin' and receiving in the handle method to achieve more

Jun 21, 2025 am 12:30 AM

laravel middleware