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Guides Access control CORS Authentication Browser detection using the user agent Caching Caching FAQ Compression Conditional requests Connection management in HTTP 1.x Content negotiation Content negotiation: List of default Accept values Cookies CSP Messages Overview Protocol upgrade mechanism Proxy servers and tunneling Proxy servers and tunneling: Proxy Auto-Configuration (PAC) file Public Key Pinning Range requests Redirections Resources and specifications Resources and URIs Response codes Server-Side Access Control Session Guides: Basics Basics of HTTP Choosing between www and non-www URLs Data URIs Evolution of HTTP Identifying resources on the Web MIME Types MIME types: Complete list of MIME types CSP Content-Security-Policy Content-Security-Policy-Report-Only CSP: base-uri CSP: block-all-mixed-content CSP: child-src CSP: connect-src CSP: default-src CSP: font-src CSP: form-action CSP: frame-ancestors CSP: frame-src CSP: img-src CSP: manifest-src CSP: media-src CSP: object-src CSP: plugin-types CSP: referrer CSP: report-uri CSP: require-sri-for CSP: sandbox CSP: script-src CSP: style-src CSP: upgrade-insecure-requests CSP: worker-src Headers Accept Accept-Charset Accept-Encoding Accept-Language Accept-Ranges Access-Control-Allow-Credentials Access-Control-Allow-Headers Access-Control-Allow-Methods Access-Control-Allow-Origin Access-Control-Expose-Headers Access-Control-Max-Age Access-Control-Request-Headers Access-Control-Request-Method Age Allow Authorization Cache-Control Connection Content-Disposition Content-Encoding Content-Language Content-Length Content-Location Content-Range Content-Type Cookie Cookie2 Date DNT ETag Expect Expires Forwarded From Headers Host If-Match If-Modified-Since If-None-Match If-Range If-Unmodified-Since Keep-Alive Large-Allocation Last-Modified Location Origin Pragma Proxy-Authenticate Proxy-Authorization Public-Key-Pins Public-Key-Pins-Report-Only Range Referer Referrer-Policy Retry-After Server Set-Cookie Set-Cookie2 SourceMap Strict-Transport-Security TE Tk Trailer Transfer-Encoding Upgrade-Insecure-Requests User-Agent User-Agent: Firefox Vary Via Warning WWW-Authenticate X-Content-Type-Options X-DNS-Prefetch-Control X-Forwarded-For X-Forwarded-Host X-Forwarded-Proto X-Frame-Options X-XSS-Protection Methods CONNECT DELETE GET HEAD Methods OPTIONS PATCH POST PUT Status 100 Continue 101 Switching Protocols 200 OK 201 Created 202 Accepted 203 Non-Authoritative Information 204 No Content 205 Reset Content 206 Partial Content 300 Multiple Choices 301 Moved Permanently 302 Found 303 See Other 304 Not Modified 307 Temporary Redirect 308 Permanent Redirect 400 Bad Request 401 Unauthorized 403 Forbidden 404 Not Found 405 Method Not Allowed 406 Not Acceptable 407 Proxy Authentication Required 408 Request Timeout 409 Conflict 410 Gone 411 Length Required 412 Precondition Failed 413 Payload Too Large 414 URI Too Long 415 Unsupported Media Type 416 Range Not Satisfiable 417 Expectation Failed 426 Upgrade Required 428 Precondition Required 429 Too Many Requests 431 Request Header Fields Too Large 451 Unavailable For Legal Reasons 500 Internal Server Error 501 Not Implemented 502 Bad Gateway 503 Service Unavailable 504 Gateway Timeout 505 HTTP Version Not Supported 511 Network Authentication Required Status
watak

HTTP Public-Key-Pins響應(yīng)頭將特定的加密公鑰與特定的 Web 服務(wù)器相關(guān)聯(lián)，以降低偽造證書(shū)對(duì) MITM 攻擊的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。如果一個(gè)或多個(gè)密鑰被固定并且服務(wù)器不使用任何密鑰，則瀏覽器將不會(huì)接受該合法的響應(yīng)，并且不會(huì)顯示它。

有關(guān)更多信息，請(qǐng)參閱 HTTP 公用密鑰固定文章。

Header type

Response header

Forbidden header name

no

句法

Public-Key-Pins: pin-sha256="<pin-value>"; 
                 max-age=<expire-time>; 
                 includeSubDomains; 
                 report-uri="<uri>"

指令

pin-sha256="<pin-value>"引用的字符串是 Base64 編碼的主題公鑰信息（SPKI）指紋?？梢詾椴煌墓€指定多個(gè)引腳。一些瀏覽器可能會(huì)在將來(lái)允許其他散列算法而不是 SHA-256。max-age = <expire-time> 瀏覽器應(yīng)該記住，該站點(diǎn)只能使用其中一個(gè)定義的鍵來(lái)訪問(wèn)的時(shí)間，以秒為單位。includeSubDomains可選如果指定了此可選參數(shù)，則此規(guī)則也適用于所有網(wǎng)站的子域。report-uri="<uri>"可選如果指定了此可選參數(shù)，則將引腳驗(yàn)證失敗報(bào)告給給定的 URL。

例

如果使用不當(dāng)，HPKP 可能會(huì)長(zhǎng)時(shí)間鎖定用戶！建議使用備份證書(shū)和/或固定 CA 證書(shū)。

Public-Key-Pins: 
  pin-sha256="cUPcTAZWKaASuYWhhneDttWpY3oBAkE3h2+soZS7sWs="; 
  pin-sha256="M8HztCzM3elUxkcjR2S5P4hhyBNf6lHkmjAHKhpGPWE="; 
  max-age=5184000; includeSubDomains; 
  report-uri="https://www.example.org/hpkp-report"

在本例中，pin-sha256 =“cUPcTAZWKaASuYWhhneDttWpY3oBAkE3h2 + soZS7sWs =”固定生產(chǎn)中使用的服務(wù)器公鑰。第二個(gè)引腳聲明pin-sha256 =“M8HztCzM3elUxkcjR2S5P4hhyBNf6lHkmjAHKhpGPWE =”也引腳備份密鑰。max-age = 5184000告訴客戶將這些信息存儲(chǔ)兩個(gè)月，根據(jù)IETF RFC這是一個(gè)合理的時(shí)間限制。此關(guān)鍵固定也適用于所有子域，這由includeSubDomains聲明告知。最后，report-uri =“ https://www.example.org/hpkp-report ”說(shuō)明報(bào)告引腳驗(yàn)證失敗的位置。

產(chǎn)品規(guī)格

Specification

Title

RFC 7469, section 2.1: Public-Key-Pins

Public Key Pinning Extension for HTTP

Feature

Chrome

Firefox

Edge

Internet Explorer

Opera

Safari

Basic Support

(Yes)

35.0

(No)1

?

(Yes)

?

report-uri

46

(No)2

?

?

33

?

Feature

Android

Chrome for Android

Edge mobile

Firefox for Android

IE mobile

Opera Android

iOS Safari

Basic Support

(Yes)

(Yes)

?

35.0

?

(Yes)

?

report-uri

(Yes)

(Yes)

?

(No)

?

33

?

  • Under consideration 未來(lái)發(fā)布。

  • 參見(jiàn) Bugzilla 錯(cuò)誤 1091176。

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