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Apache模塊 mod_autoindex
| 說明 | 自動(dòng)對目錄中的內(nèi)容生成列表，類似于"ls"或"dir"命令 |
|---|---|
| 狀態(tài) | 基本(B) |
| 模塊名 | autoindex_module |
| 源文件 | mod_autoindex.c |
概述
The index of a directory can come from one of two sources:
- A file written by the user, typically called
index.html. TheDirectoryIndexdirective sets the name of this file. This is controlled bymod_dir. - Otherwise, a listing generated by the server. The other
directives control the format of this listing. The
AddIcon,AddIconByEncoding和AddIconByTypeare used to set a list of icons to display for various file types; for each file listed, the first icon listed that matches the file is displayed. These are controlled bymod_autoindex.
The two functions are separated so that you can completely remove (or replace) automatic index generation should you want to.
Automatic index generation is enabled with using
Options +Indexes. See the
Options directive for
more details.
If the FancyIndexing option is given with the IndexOptions directive,
the column headers are links that control the order of the
display. If you select a header link, the listing will be
regenerated, sorted by the values in that column. Selecting the
same header repeatedly toggles between ascending and descending
order. These column header links are suppressed with
IndexOptions directive's
SuppressColumnSorting option.
Note that when the display is sorted by "Size", it's the actual size of the files that's used, not the displayed value - so a 1010-byte file will always be displayed before a 1011-byte file (if in ascending order) even though they both are shown as "1K".
Autoindex Request Query Arguments
Apache 2.0.23 reorganized the Query Arguments for Column
Sorting, and introduced an entire group of new query options.
To effectively eliminate all client control over the output,
the IndexOptions
IgnoreClient option was introduced.
The column sorting headers themselves are self-referencing hyperlinks that add the sort query options shown below. Any option below may be added to any request for the directory resource.
-
C=Nsorts the directory by file name -
C=Msorts the directory by last-modified date, then file name -
C=Ssorts the directory by size, then file name -
C=Dsorts the directory by description, then file name -
O=Asorts the listing in Ascending Order -
O=Dsorts the listing in Descending Order -
F=0formats the listing as a simple list (not FancyIndexed) -
F=1formats the listing as a FancyIndexed list -
F=2formats the listing as an HTMLTable FancyIndexed list -
V=0disables version sorting -
V=1enables version sorting -
P=patternlists only files matching the given pattern
Note that the 'P'attern query argument is tested
after the usual IndexIgnore directives are processed,
and all file names are still subjected to the same criteria as
any other autoindex listing. The Query Arguments parser in
mod_autoindex will stop abruptly when an unrecognized
option is encountered. The Query Arguments must be well formed,
according to the table above.
The simple example below, which can be clipped and saved in a header.html file, illustrates these query options. Note that the unknown "X" argument, for the submit button, is listed last to assure the arguments are all parsed before mod_autoindex encounters the X=Go input.
<form action="" method="get">
Show me a <select name="F">
<option value="0"> Plain list</option>
<option value="1" selected="selected"> Fancy list</option>
<option value="2"> Table list</option>
</select>
Sorted by <select name="C">
<option value="N" selected="selected"> Name</option>
<option value="M"> Date Modified</option>
<option value="S"> Size</option>
<option value="D"> Description</option>
</select>
<select name="O">
<option value="A" selected="selected"> Ascending</option>
<option value="D"> Descending</option>
</select>
<select name="V">
<option value="0" selected="selected"> in Normal order</option>
<option value="1"> in Version order</option>
</select>
Matching <input type="text" name="P" value="*" />
<input type="submit" name="X" value="Go" />
</form>
AddAlt 指令
| 說明 | Alternate text to display for a file, instead of an icon selected by filename |
|---|---|
| 語法 | AddAlt string file [file] ... |
| 作用域 | server config, virtual host, directory, .htaccess |
| 覆蓋項(xiàng) | Indexes |
| 狀態(tài) | 基本(B) |
| 模塊 | mod_autoindex |
AddAlt provides the alternate text to
display for a file, instead of an icon, for FancyIndexing.
File is a file extension, partial filename, wild-card
expression or full filename for files to describe.
If String contains any whitespace, you have to enclose it
in quotes ("或'). This alternate text
is displayed if the client is image-incapable, has image loading
disabled, or fails to retrieve the icon.
例子
AddAlt "PDF file" *.pdf
AddAlt Compressed *.gz *.zip *.Z
AddAltByEncoding 指令
| 說明 | Alternate text to display for a file instead of an icon selected by MIME-encoding |
|---|---|
| 語法 | AddAltByEncoding string MIME-encoding
[MIME-encoding] ... |
| 作用域 | server config, virtual host, directory, .htaccess |
| 覆蓋項(xiàng) | Indexes |
| 狀態(tài) | 基本(B) |
| 模塊 | mod_autoindex |
AddAltByEncoding provides the alternate
text to display for a file, instead of an icon, for FancyIndexing.
MIME-encoding is a valid content-encoding, such as
x-compress. If String contains any whitespace,
you have to enclose it in quotes ("或').
This alternate text is displayed if the client is image-incapable,
has image loading disabled, or fails to retrieve the icon.
示例
AddAltByEncoding gzip x-gzip
AddAltByType 指令
| 說明 | Alternate text to display for a file, instead of an icon selected by MIME content-type |
|---|---|
| 語法 | AddAltByType string MIME-type
[MIME-type] ... |
| 作用域 | server config, virtual host, directory, .htaccess |
| 覆蓋項(xiàng) | Indexes |
| 狀態(tài) | 基本(B) |
| 模塊 | mod_autoindex |
AddAltByType sets the alternate text to
display for a file, instead of an icon, for FancyIndexing.
MIME-type is a valid content-type, such as
text/html. If String contains any whitespace,
you have to enclose it in quotes ("或').
This alternate text is displayed if the client is image-incapable,
has image loading disabled, or fails to retrieve the icon.
示例
AddAltByType 'plain text' text/plain
AddDescription 指令
| 說明 | Description to display for a file |
|---|---|
| 語法 | AddDescription string file [file] ... |
| 作用域 | server config, virtual host, directory, .htaccess |
| 覆蓋項(xiàng) | Indexes |
| 狀態(tài) | 基本(B) |
| 模塊 | mod_autoindex |
This sets the description to display for a file, for
FancyIndexing.
File is a file extension, partial filename, wild-card
expression or full filename for files to describe.
String is enclosed in double quotes (").
示例
AddDescription "The planet Mars" /web/pics/mars.gif
The typical, default description field is 23 bytes wide. 6
more bytes are added by the IndexOptions SuppressIcon option, 7 bytes are
added by the IndexOptions SuppressSize option, and 19 bytes are
added by the IndexOptions SuppressLastModified option.
Therefore, the widest default the description column is ever
assigned is 55 bytes.
See the DescriptionWidth IndexOptions keyword for details on overriding the size
of this column, or allowing descriptions of unlimited length.
Caution
Descriptive text defined with AddDescription
may contain HTML markup, such as tags and character entities. If the
width of the description column should happen to truncate a tagged
element (such as cutting off the end of a bolded phrase), the
results may affect the rest of the directory listing.
AddIcon 指令
| 說明 | Icon to display for a file selected by name |
|---|---|
| 語法 | AddIcon icon name [name] ... |
| 作用域 | server config, virtual host, directory, .htaccess |
| 覆蓋項(xiàng) | Indexes |
| 狀態(tài) | 基本(B) |
| 模塊 | mod_autoindex |
This sets the icon to display next to a file ending in
name for FancyIndexing. Icon is either a (%-escaped)
relative URL to the icon, or of the format
(alttext, url) where alttext
is the text tag given for an icon for non-graphical browsers.
Name is either ^^DIRECTORY^^ for directories,
^^BLANKICON^^ for blank lines (to format the list
correctly), a file extension, a wildcard expression, a partial
filename or a complete filename.
例子
AddIcon (IMG,/icons/image.xbm) .gif .jpg .xbm
AddIcon /icons/dir.xbm ^^DIRECTORY^^
AddIcon /icons/backup.xbm *~
AddIconByType
should be used in preference to AddIcon,
when possible.
AddIconByEncoding 指令
| 說明 | Icon to display next to files selected by MIME content-encoding |
|---|---|
| 語法 | AddIconByEncoding icon MIME-encoding
[MIME-encoding] ... |
| 作用域 | server config, virtual host, directory, .htaccess |
| 覆蓋項(xiàng) | Indexes |
| 狀態(tài) | 基本(B) |
| 模塊 | mod_autoindex |
This sets the icon to display next to files with FancyIndexing.
Icon is either a (%-escaped) relative URL to the icon,
or of the format (alttext, url)
where alttext is the text tag given for an icon for
non-graphical browsers.
MIME-encoding is a wildcard expression matching required the content-encoding.
示例
AddIconByEncoding /icons/compress.xbm x-compress
AddIconByType 指令
| 說明 | Icon to display next to files selected by MIME content-type |
|---|---|
| 語法 | AddIconByType icon MIME-type
[MIME-type] ... |
| 作用域 | server config, virtual host, directory, .htaccess |
| 覆蓋項(xiàng) | Indexes |
| 狀態(tài) | 基本(B) |
| 模塊 | mod_autoindex |
This sets the icon to display next to files of type
MIME-type for FancyIndexing.
Icon is either a (%-escaped) relative URL to the icon,
or of the format (alttext, url)
where alttext is the text tag given for an icon for
non-graphical browsers.
MIME-type is a wildcard expression matching required the mime types.
示例
AddIconByType (IMG,/icons/image.xbm) image/*
DefaultIcon 指令
| 說明 | Icon to display for files when no specific icon is configured |
|---|---|
| 語法 | DefaultIcon url-path |
| 作用域 | server config, virtual host, directory, .htaccess |
| 覆蓋項(xiàng) | Indexes |
| 狀態(tài) | 基本(B) |
| 模塊 | mod_autoindex |
DefaultIcon directive sets the icon
to display for files when no specific icon is known, for FancyIndexing.
Url-path is a (%-escaped) relative URL to the icon.
示例
DefaultIcon /icon/unknown.xbm
HeaderName 指令
| 說明 | Name of the file that will be inserted at the top of the index listing |
|---|---|
| 語法 | HeaderName filename |
| 作用域 | server config, virtual host, directory, .htaccess |
| 覆蓋項(xiàng) | Indexes |
| 狀態(tài) | 基本(B) |
| 模塊 | mod_autoindex |
HeaderName directive sets the name
of the file that will be inserted at the top of the index
listing. Filename is the name of the file to include.
示例
HeaderName HEADER.html
Both HeaderName and ReadmeName now treat
Filename as a URI path relative to the one used to
access the directory being indexed. If Filename begins
with a slash, it will be taken to be relative to the DocumentRoot.
示例
HeaderName /include/HEADER.html
Filename must resolve to a document with a major
content type of text/* (例如，text/html, text/plain, etc.). This means
that filename may refer to a CGI script if the script's
actual file type (as opposed to its output) is marked as
text/html such as with a directive like:
AddType text/html .cgi
Content negotiation
will be performed if Options
MultiViews is in effect. If filename resolves
to a static text/html document (not a CGI script) and
either one of the options
Includes或IncludesNOEXEC is enabled,
the file will be processed for server-side includes (see the
mod_include documentation).
If the file specified by HeaderName contains
the beginnings of an HTML document (<html>, <head>, etc.)
then you will probably want to set IndexOptions
+SuppressHTMLPreamble, so that these tags are not
repeated.
IndexIgnore 指令
| 說明 | Adds to the list of files to hide when listing a directory |
|---|---|
| 語法 | IndexIgnore file [file] ... |
| 作用域 | server config, virtual host, directory, .htaccess |
| 覆蓋項(xiàng) | Indexes |
| 狀態(tài) | 基本(B) |
| 模塊 | mod_autoindex |
IndexIgnore directive adds to the
list of files to hide when listing a directory. File is a
shell-style wildcard expression or full
filename. Multiple IndexIgnore directives add
to the list, rather than the replacing the list of ignored
files. By default, the list contains . (the current
directory).
IndexIgnore README .htaccess *.bak *~
IndexOptions 指令
| 說明 | Various configuration settings for directory indexing |
|---|---|
| 語法 | IndexOptions [+|-]option [[+|-]option] ... |
| 作用域 | server config, virtual host, directory, .htaccess |
| 覆蓋項(xiàng) | Indexes |
| 狀態(tài) | 基本(B) |
| 模塊 | mod_autoindex |
IndexOptions directive specifies the
behavior of the directory indexing. Option can be one
of
- DescriptionWidth=[n | *] (Apache 2.0.23 and later)
- The
DescriptionWidthkeyword allows you to specify the width of the description column in characters. -
-DescriptionWidth(or unset) allowsmod_autoindexto calculate the best width. -
DescriptionWidth=nfixes the column width to n bytes wide. -
DescriptionWidth=*grows the column to the width necessary to accommodate the longest description string. - See the section on
AddDescriptionfor dangers inherent in truncating descriptions. - FancyIndexing
- This turns on fancy indexing of directories.
- FoldersFirst (Apache 2.0.23 and later)
- If this option is enabled, subdirectory listings will
always appear first, followed by normal files in the
directory. The listing is basically broken into two
components, the files and the subdirectories, and each is
sorted separately and then displayed subdirectories-first.
For instance, if the sort order is descending by name, and
FoldersFirstis enabled, subdirectoryZedwill be listed before subdirectoryBeta, which will be listed before normal filesGamma和Alpha. This option only has an effect ifFancyIndexingis also enabled. - HTMLTable (Experimental, Apache 2.0.23 and later)
- This experimental option with FancyIndexing constructs a simple table for the fancy directory listing. Note this will confuse older browsers. It is particularly necessary if file names or description text will alternate between left-to-right and right-to-left reading order, as can happen on WinNT or other utf-8 enabled platforms.
- IconsAreLinks
- This makes the icons part of the anchor for the filename, for fancy indexing.
- IconHeight[=pixels]
- Presence of this option, when used with IconWidth, will cause
the server to include
height和widthattributes in theimgtag for the file icon. This allows browser to precalculate the page layout without having to wait until all the images have been loaded. If no value is given for the option, it defaults to the standard height of the icons supplied with the Apache software. - IconWidth[=pixels]
- Presence of this option, when used with
IconHeight, will cause the server to includeheight和widthattributes in theimgtag for the file icon. This allows browser to precalculate the page layout without having to wait until all the images have been loaded. If no value is given for the option, it defaults to the standard width of the icons supplied with the Apache software. - IgnoreCase
- If this option is enabled, names are sorted in a case-insensitive manner. For instance, if the sort order is ascending by name, and IgnoreCase is enabled, file Zeta will be listed after file alfa (Note: file GAMMA will always be listed before file gamma).
- IgnoreClient
- This option causes
mod_autoindexto ignore all query variables from the client, including sort order (impliesSuppressColumnSorting.) - NameWidth=[n | *]
- The
NameWidthkeyword allows you to specify the width of the filename column in bytes. -
-NameWidth(or unset) allowsmod_autoindexto calculate the best width. -
NameWidth=nfixes the column width to n bytes wide. -
NameWidth=*grows the column to the necessary width. - ScanHTMLTitles
- This enables the extraction of the title from HTML documents
for fancy indexing. If the file does not have a description
given by
AddDescriptionthen httpd will read the document for the value of thetitleelement. This is CPU and disk intensive. - ShowForbidden
- If specified, Apache will show files normally hidden because the subrequest returned HTTP_UNAUTHORIZED or HTTP_FORBIDDEN
- SuppressColumnSorting
- If specified, Apache will not make the column headings in a FancyIndexed directory listing into links for sorting. The default behavior is for them to be links; selecting the column heading will sort the directory listing by the values in that column. Prior to Apache 2.0.23, this also disabled parsing the Query Arguments for the sort string. That behavior is now controlled by IndexOptions IgnoreClient in Apache 2.0.23.
- SuppressDescription
- This will suppress the file description in fancy indexing
listings. By default, no file descriptions are defined, and
so the use of this option will regain 23 characters of screen
space to use for something else. See
AddDescriptionfor information about setting the file description. See also theDescriptionWidthindex option to limit the size of the description column. - SuppressHTMLPreamble
- If the directory actually contains a file specified by the
HeaderNamedirective, the module usually includes the contents of the file after a standard HTML preamble (<html>,<head>, et cetera). TheSuppressHTMLPreambleoption disables this behaviour, causing the module to start the display with the header file contents. The header file must contain appropriate HTML instructions in this case. If there is no header file, the preamble is generated as usual. - SuppressIcon (Apache 2.0.23 and later)
- This will suppress the icon in fancy indexing listings.
Combining both
SuppressIcon和SuppressRulesyields proper HTML 3.2 output, which by the final specification prohibitsimg和hrelements from thepreblock (used to format FancyIndexed listings.) - SuppressLastModified
- This will suppress the display of the last modification date, in fancy indexing listings.
- SuppressRules (Apache 2.0.23 and later)
- This will suppress the horizontal rule lines (
hrelements) in directory listings. Combining bothSuppressIcon和SuppressRulesyields proper HTML 3.2 output, which by the final specification prohibitsimg和hrelements from thepreblock (used to format FancyIndexed listings.) - SuppressSize
- This will suppress the file size in fancy indexing listings.
- TrackModified (Apache 2.0.23 and later)
- This returns the Last-Modified and ETag values for the listed
directory in the HTTP header. It is only valid if the
operating system and file system return appropriate stat()
results. Some Unix systems do so, as do OS2's JFS and Win32's
NTFS volumes. OS2 and Win32 FAT volumes, for example, do not.
Once this feature is enabled, the client or proxy can track
changes to the list of files when they perform a
HEADrequest. Note some operating systems correctly track new and removed files, but do not track changes for sizes or dates of the files within the directory. Changes to the size or date stamp of an existing file will not update the Last-Modified header on all Unix platforms. If this is a concern, leave this option disabled. - VersionSort (Apache 2.0a3 and later)
- The
VersionSortkeyword causes files containing version numbers to sort in a natural way. Strings are sorted as usual, except that substrings of digits in the name and description are compared according to their numeric value.示例：
foo-1.7
foo-1.7.2
foo-1.7.12
foo-1.8.2
foo-1.8.2a
foo-1.12If the number starts with a zero, then it is considered to be a fraction:
foo-1.001
foo-1.002
foo-1.030
foo-1.04 - XHTML (Apache 2.0.49 and later)
- The
XHTMLkeyword forcesmod_autoindexto emit XHTML 1.0 code instead of HTML 3.2.
- Incremental IndexOptions
-
Apache 1.3.3 introduced some significant changes in the handling of
IndexOptionsdirectives. In particular:- Multiple
IndexOptionsdirectives for a single directory are now merged together. The result of:<Directory /foo> IndexOptions HTMLTable
IndexOptions SuppressColumnsorting </Directory>will be the equivalent of
IndexOptions HTMLTable SuppressColumnsorting - The addition of the incremental syntax (i.e., prefixing
keywords with
+或-).
Whenever a '+' or '-' prefixed keyword is encountered, it is applied to the current
IndexOptionssettings (which may have been inherited from an upper-level directory). However, whenever an unprefixed keyword is processed, it clears all inherited options and any incremental settings encountered so far. Consider the following example:IndexOptions +ScanHTMLTitles -IconsAreLinks FancyIndexing
IndexOptions +SuppressSizeThe net effect is equivalent to
IndexOptions FancyIndexing +SuppressSize, because the unprefixedFancyIndexingdiscarded the incremental keywords before it, but allowed them to start accumulating again afterward.To unconditionally set the
IndexOptionsfor a particular directory, clearing the inherited settings, specify keywords without any+或-prefixes. - Multiple
IndexOrderDefault 指令
| 說明 | Sets the default ordering of the directory index |
|---|---|
| 語法 | IndexOrderDefault Ascending|Descending
Name|Date|Size|Description |
| 默認(rèn)值 | IndexOrderDefault Ascending Name |
| 作用域 | server config, virtual host, directory, .htaccess |
| 覆蓋項(xiàng) | Indexes |
| 狀態(tài) | 基本(B) |
| 模塊 | mod_autoindex |
IndexOrderDefault directive is used
in combination with the FancyIndexing index option. By default, fancyindexed
directory listings are displayed in ascending order by filename; the
IndexOrderDefault allows you to change this
initial display order.
IndexOrderDefault takes two
arguments. The first must be either Ascending或Descending, indicating the direction of the sort.
The second argument must be one of the keywords Name, Date, Size, or Description,
and identifies the primary key. The secondary key is
always the ascending filename.
You can force a directory listing to only be displayed in a
particular order by combining this directive with the SuppressColumnSorting index option; this will prevent
the client from requesting the directory listing in a different
order.
IndexStyleSheet 指令
| 說明 | Adds a CSS stylesheet to the directory index |
|---|---|
| 語法 | IndexStyleSheet url-path |
| 作用域 | server config, virtual host, directory, .htaccess |
| 覆蓋項(xiàng) | Indexes |
| 狀態(tài) | 基本(B) |
| 模塊 | mod_autoindex |
IndexStyleSheet directive sets the name of
the file that will be used as the CSS for the index listing.
示例
IndexStyleSheet "/css/style.css"
ReadmeName 指令
| 說明 | Name of the file that will be inserted at the end of the index listing |
|---|---|
| 語法 | ReadmeName filename |
| 作用域 | server config, virtual host, directory, .htaccess |
| 覆蓋項(xiàng) | Indexes |
| 狀態(tài) | 基本(B) |
| 模塊 | mod_autoindex |
ReadmeName directive sets the name
of the file that will be appended to the end of the index
listing. Filename is the name of the file to include, and
is taken to be relative to the location being indexed. If
Filename begins with a slash, it will be taken to be
relative to the DocumentRoot.
示例
ReadmeName FOOTER.html
Example 2
ReadmeName /include/FOOTER.html
See also HeaderName, where this behavior is described in greater
detail.