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Algorithms Algorithms(算法) bsearch bsearch_s qsort qsort_s Atomic operations Atomic operations library(原子操作庫) ATOMIC_*_LOCK_FREE atomic_compare_exchange_strong atomic_compare_exchange_strong_explicit atomic_compare_exchange_weak atomic_compare_exchange_weak_explicit atomic_exchange atomic_exchange_explicit atomic_fetch_add atomic_fetch_add_explicit atomic_fetch_and atomic_fetch_and_explicit atomic_fetch_or atomic_fetch_or_explicit atomic_fetch_sub atomic_fetch_sub_explicit atomic_fetch_xor atomic_fetch_xor_explicit atomic_flag atomic_flag_clear atomic_flag_clear_explicit ATOMIC_FLAG_INIT atomic_flag_test_and_set atomic_flag_test_and_set_explicit atomic_init atomic_is_lock_free atomic_load atomic_load_explicit atomic_signal_fence atomic_store atomic_store_explicit atomic_thread_fence(線程圍欄) ATOMIC_VAR_INIT kill_dependency memory_order(內存排序) C keywords auto(自動存儲) break(跳出循環(huán)) C keywords(關鍵詞) case char const(常量修飾符) continue default(預設運算式) do double(雙精度浮點型) else enum(枚舉類型) extern(全局變量) float(浮點數(shù)) for fortran goto(goto語句) if(if語句) inline(行內函式) int long(長整型) register(寄存器變量) restrict( restrict類型限定符) return short signed sizeof(sizeof運算符) static(靜態(tài)變量) struct(結構體) switch(switch語句) typedef(typedef關鍵字) union(聯(lián)合體) unsigned(無符號) void(空類型) volatile(volatile變量) while(while語句) _Alignas _Alignof _Atomic _Bool _Complex _Generic _Imaginary _Noreturn _Static_assert _Thread_local C language #define directive #elif directive #else directive #endif directive #error directive #if directive #ifdef directive #ifndef directive #include directive #line directive #pragma directive alignas(對齊指定符) Alternative operators and tokens(替代運算符和令牌) Analyzability Arithmetic operators Arithmetic types Array declaration(數(shù)組聲明) Array initialization(陣列初始化) ASCII Chart Assignment operators(賦值運算符) types(atomic類型限定符) Basic concepts Bit fields(位域) break statement C language C Operator Precedence cast operator character constant(字符字面量) Comments(注釋符) Comparison operators(比較運算符) compound literals(符合字面量) Conditional inclusion(條件包含) Conformance(一致性) const type qualifier(const 限定符) Constant expressions(常量表達) continue statement Declarations(聲明) do-while loop Enumerations(枚舉類型) Escape sequences(轉義字符) Expressions(表達式) External and tentative definitions(外部和暫定的定義) File scope(文件范圍) floating constant(浮點常量) for loop Function declarations(函數(shù)聲明) Function definitions(函數(shù)聲明) Functions Generic selection泛型選擇 goto statement Identifier(標示符) if statement Implicit conversions(隱式轉換) Increment/decrement operators(前置/后置操作符) Initialization(初始化) inline function specifier(內聯(lián)函式) integer constant Lifetime(生命期) Logical operators(邏輯運算符) Lookup and name spaces Main function(主函式) Member access operators(會員接入運營商) Memory model Objects and alignment(字節(jié)對齊) Order of evaluation(評估順序) Other operators Phases of translation(翻譯階段) Pointer declaration Preprocessor(預處理) restrict type qualifier(restrict類型限定符) return statement Scalar initialization(標量類型初始化) Scope(范圍) sizeof operator(sizeof運算符) Statements(陳述) static assert declaration(靜態(tài)斷言聲明) Static storage duration(靜態(tài)存儲周期) Storage-class specifiers(存儲類說明符) string literals(字符串字面量) Struct and union initialization(結構體與聯(lián)合體初始化) Struct declaration(結構體聲明) switch statement Thread storage duration(線程存儲時間) Type Type(類型) Typedef declaration(Typedef聲明) Undefined behavior(未定義行為) Union declaration(聯(lián)合體聲明) Value categories(值類別) Variadic arguments(變長參數(shù)宏) volatile type qualifier(volatile 類型限定符) while loop _Alignof operator _Noreturn function specifier Date and time asctime(asctime函數(shù)) asctime_s clock CLOCKS_PER_SEC clock_t ctime(ctime函數(shù)) ctime_s Date and time utilities(日期和時間庫) difftime(計算兩個時間的間隔) gmtime gmtime_s localtime localtime_s mktime(將時間結構數(shù)據(jù)轉換成經過的秒數(shù)的函數(shù)) strftime(格式化輸出時間函數(shù)) time timespec timespec_get time_t tm wcsftime(格式化時間寬字符) Dynamic memory management aligned_alloc C memory management library(內存管理庫) calloc free(釋放動態(tài)分配空間的函數(shù)) malloc(動態(tài)分配內存空間的函數(shù)) realloc(重新分配內存空間的函數(shù)) Error handling abort_handler_s assert(斷言) constraint_handler_t errno(錯誤報告) Error handling(錯誤處理) Error numbers(錯誤個數(shù)) ignore_handler_s set_constraint_handler_s static_assert File input/output clearerr(清除/復位) fclose feof ferror fflush(清空文件緩沖區(qū)) fgetc fgetpos fgets fgetwc fgetws File input/output fopen fopen_s fprintf fprintf_s fputc fputs fputwc fputws fread freopen freopen_s fscanf fscanf_s fseek fsetpos ftell fwide fwprintf fwprintf_s fwrite fwscanf fwscanf_s getc getchar gets gets_s getwchar perror printf printf_s putc putchar puts putwc putwchar remove rename rewind scanf scanf_s setbuf setvbuf snprintf sprintf sscanf sscanf_s swprintf swprintf_s swscanf swscanf_s tmpfile tmpfile_s tmpnam tmpnam_s ungetc ungetwc vfprintf vfprintf_s vfscanf vfscanf_s vfwprintf vfwprintf_s vfwscanf vfwscanf_s vprintf vprintf_s vscanf vscanf_s vsnprintf vsprintf vsscanf vsscanf_s vswprintf vswprintf_s vswscanf vswscanf_s vwprintf vwprintf_s vwscanf vwscanf_s wprintf wprintf_s wscanf wscanf_s Localization support lconv LC_ALL LC_COLLATE LC_CTYPE LC_MONETARY LC_NUMERIC LC_TIME localeconv Localization support setlocale Numerics abs acos acosf acosh acoshf acoshl acosl asin asinf asinh asinhf asinhl asinl atan atan2 atan2f atan2l atanf atanh atanhf atanhl atanl cabs cabsf cabsl cacos cacosf cacosh cacoshf cacoshl cacosl carg cargf cargl casin casinf casinh casinhf casinhl casinl catan catanf catanh catanhf catanhl catanl cbrt cbrtf cbrtl ccos ccosf ccosh ccoshf ccoshl ccosl ceil ceilf ceill cexp cexpf cexpl cimag cimagf cimagl clog clogf clogl CMPLX CMPLXF CMPLXL Common mathematical functions complex Complex number arithmetic conj conjf conjl copysign copysignf copysignl cos cosf cosh coshf coshl cosl cpow cpowf cpowl cproj cprojf cprojl creal crealf creall csin csinf csinh csinhf csinhl csinl csqrt csqrtf csqrtl ctan ctanf ctanh ctanhf ctanhl ctanl div double_t erf erfc erfcf erfcl erff erfl exp exp2 exp2f exp2l expf expl expm1 expm1f expm1l fabs fabsf fabsl fdim feclearexcept fegetenv fegetexceptflag fegetround feholdexcept feraiseexcept fesetenv fesetexceptflag fesetround fetestexcept feupdateenv FE_ALL_EXCEPT FE_DFL_ENV FE_DIVBYZERO FE_DOWNWARD FE_INEXACT FE_INVALID FE_OVERFLOW FE_TONEAREST FE_TOWARDZERO FE_UNDERFLOW FE_UPWARD Floating-point environment float_t floor floorf floorl fma fmaf fmal fmax fmaxf fmaxl fmin fminf fminl fmod fmodf fmodl fpclassify FP_INFINITE FP_NAN FP_NORMAL FP_SUBNORMAL FP_ZERO frexp frexpf frexpl HUGE_VAL HUGE_VALF HUGE_VALL hypot hypotf hypotl I ilogb ilogbf ilogbl imaginary imaxabs imaxdiv INFINITY isfinite isgreater isgreaterequal isinf isless islessequal islessgreater isnan isnormal isunordered labs ldexp ldexpf ldexpl ldiv lgamma lgammaf lgammal llabs lldiv llrint llrintf llrintl llround llroundf llroundl log log10 log10f log10l log1p log1pf log1pl log2 log2f log2l logb logbf logbl logf logl lrint lrintf lrintl lround lroundf lroundl MATH_ERREXCEPT math_errhandling MATH_ERRNO modf modff modfl nan NAN nanf nanl nearbyint nearbyintf nearbyintl nextafter nextafterf nextafterl nexttoward nexttowardf nexttowardl Numerics pow powf powl Pseudo-random number generation rand RAND_MAX remainder remainderf remainderl remquo remquof remquol rint rintf rintl round roundf roundl scalbln scalblnf scalblnl scalbn scalbnf scalbnl signbit sin sinf sinh sinhf sinhl sinl sqrt sqrtf sqrtl srand tan tanf tanh tanhf tanhl tanl tgamma tgammaf tgammal trunc truncf truncl Type-generic math _Complex_I _Imaginary_I Program support abort atexit at_quick_exit exit EXIT_FAILURE EXIT_SUCCESS getenv getenv_s jmp_buf longjmp Program support utilities quick_exit raise setjmp SIGABRT SIGFPE SIGILL SIGINT signal SIGSEGV SIGTERM sig_atomic_t SIG_DFL SIG_ERR SIG_IGN system _Exit Strings atof atoi atol atoll btowc c16rtomb c32rtomb char16_t char32_t isalnum isalpha isblank iscntrl isdigit isgraph islower isprint ispunct isspace isupper iswalnum iswalpha iswblank iswcntrl iswctype iswdigit iswgraph iswlower iswprint iswpunct iswspace iswupper iswxdigit isxdigit mblen mbrlen mbrtoc16 mbrtoc32 mbrtowc mbsinit mbsrtowcs mbsrtowcs_s mbstate_t mbstowcs mbstowcs_s mbtowc memchr memcmp memcpy memcpy_s memmove memmove_s memset memset_s Null-terminated byte strings Null-terminated multibyte strings Null-terminated wide strings strcat strcat_s strchr strcmp strcoll strcpy strcpy_s strcspn strerror strerrorlen_s strerror_s Strings library strlen strncat Thread support call_once cnd_broadcast cnd_destroy cnd_init cnd_signal cnd_timedwait cnd_wait mtx_destroy mtx_init mtx_lock mtx_plain mtx_recursive mtx_timed mtx_timedlock mtx_trylock mtx_unlock once_flag ONCE_FLAG_INIT thrd_busy thrd_create thrd_current thrd_detach thrd_equal thrd_error thrd_exit thrd_join thrd_nomem thrd_sleep thrd_success thrd_timedout thrd_yield Thread support library thread_local tss_create tss_delete TSS_DTOR_ITERATIONS tss_get tss_set Type support Boolean type support library Fixed width integer types FLT_EVAL_METHOD FLT_ROUNDS max_align_t NULL Numeric limits offsetof ptrdiff_t size_t Type support Variadic functions Variadic functions va_arg va_copy va_end va_list va_start
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如果宏實例__STDC_NO_COMPLEX__由實現(xiàn)定義,則將不提供復雜類型,頭文件<complex.h>和此處列出的所有名稱。

(自C11以來)

C程序設計語言,C99的,支持復雜的數(shù)數(shù)學與三個內置的類型double _Complex,float _Complexlong double _Complex(見_Complex)。當報頭<complex.h>被包括,三個復數(shù)類型也是可訪問double complex,float complex,long double complex。

除了復雜類型,這三個假想類型可以支持:double _Imaginary,float _Imaginary,和long double _Imaginary(參見_Imaginary)。當報頭<complex.h>被包括,三個假想類型也是相同的可訪問double imaginary,float imaginarylong double imaginary。

標準算術運算符+, -, *, /可以與任何組合中的真實,復雜和虛構類型一起使用。

建議定義__STDC_IEC_559_COMPLEX__的編譯器,但不要求支持虛數(shù)。POSIX建議檢查宏_Imaginary_I是否被定義為標識虛數(shù)支持。

(自C99開始)(直到C11)

如果定義了__STDC_IEC_559_COMPLEX__,則支持虛數(shù)。

(自C11以來)

| 在頭文件<complex.h> |中定義

|:----|

| 類型|

| 想象(C99)| 虛構類型宏(宏常量)|

| 復雜(C99)| 復雜類型宏(宏常量)|

| 虛數(shù)|

| _Imaginary_I(C99)| 虛數(shù)單元常數(shù)i(宏常數(shù))|

| _Complex_I(C99)| 復數(shù)單位常數(shù)i(宏常數(shù))|

| I(C99)| 復數(shù)或虛數(shù)單元常數(shù)i(宏常數(shù))|

| 操作|

| CMPLXCMPLXFCMPLXL(C11)(C11)(C11)| 從實部和虛部(函數(shù)宏)|構造一個復數(shù)

| crealcrealfcreall(C99)(C99)(C99)| 計算復數(shù)(函數(shù))|的實部

| cimagcimagfcimagl(C99)(C99)(C99)| 計算復數(shù)(函數(shù))|的虛部

| cabscabsfcabsl(C99)(C99)(C99)| 計算復數(shù)(函數(shù))|的大小

| cargcargfcargl(C99)(C99)(C99)| 計算復數(shù)(函數(shù))|的相位角

| conjconjfconjl(C99)(C99)(C99)| 計算復共軛(函數(shù))|

| cprojcprojfcprojl(C99)(C99)(C99)| 計算黎曼球體(函數(shù))|上的投影

| 指數(shù)函數(shù)|

| cexpcexpfcexpl(C99)(C99)(C99)| 計算復數(shù)基-e指數(shù)(函數(shù))|

| clogclogfclogl(C99)(C99)(C99)| 計算復數(shù)自然對數(shù)(函數(shù))|

| 電源功能|

| cpowcpowfcpowl(C99)(C99)(C99)| 計算復數(shù)冪函數(shù)(函數(shù))|

| csqrtcsqrtfcsqrtl(C99)(C99)(C99)| 計算復平方根(函數(shù))|

| 三角函數(shù)|

| csincsinfcsinl(C99)(C99)(C99)| 計算復雜正弦函數(shù)| |

| ccosccosfccosl(C99)(C99)(C99)| 計算復余弦(函數(shù))|

| ctanctanfctanl(C99)(C99)(C99)| 計算復切線(函數(shù))|

| casincasinfcasinl(C99)(C99)(C99)| 計算復雜的反正弦(函數(shù))|

| cacoscacosfcacosl(C99)(C99)(C99)| 計算復合反余弦(函數(shù))|

| catancatanfcatanl(C99)(C99)(C99)| 計算復數(shù)反正切(函數(shù))|

| 雙曲函數(shù)|

| csinhcsinhfcsinhl(C99)(C99)(C99)| 計算復數(shù)雙曲正弦函數(shù)| |

| ccoshccoshfccoshl(C99)(C99)(C99)| 計算復雙曲余弦(函數(shù))|

| ctanhctanhfctanhl(C99)(C99)(C99)| 計算復雙曲正切(函數(shù))|

| casinhcasinhfcasinhl(C99)(C99)(C99)| 計算復數(shù)雙曲正弦曲線(函數(shù))|

| cacoshcacoshfcacoshl(C99)(C99)(C99)| 計算復曲線雙曲余弦(函數(shù))|

| catanhcatanhfcatanhl(C99)(C99)(C99)| 計算復圓弧雙曲正切函數(shù)| |

筆記

下面的函數(shù)名保留為將來除了complex.h并且不可用于在包括頭節(jié)目:cerf,cerfccexp2,cexpm1,clog10clog1p,clog2,clgamma,和ctgamma,連同他們-f -l和后綴的變體。

雖然C標準將反雙曲線命名為“復圓弧雙曲正弦”等,但雙曲函數(shù)的反函數(shù)是區(qū)域函數(shù)。他們的論點是雙曲線領域,而不是弧線。正確的名稱是“復反雙曲正弦”等。一些作者使用“復曲面雙曲正弦”等。

如果一個復數(shù)或虛數(shù)的一個成分是無限的,即使另一個成分是NaN,它也是無限的。

如果兩個分量既不是無窮也不是NaN,則復數(shù)或虛數(shù)是有限的。

如果兩個分量均為正或負零,則復數(shù)或虛數(shù)為零。

#include <stdio.h>#include <complex.h>#include <tgmath.h>
 int main(void){
    double complex z1 = I * I;     // imaginary unit squared    printf("I * I = %.1f%+.1fi\n", creal(z1), cimag(z1));
 
    double complex z2 = pow(I, 2); // imaginary unit squared    printf("pow(I, 2) = %.1f%+.1fi\n", creal(z2), cimag(z2));
 
    double PI = acos(-1);
    double complex z3 = exp(I * PI); // Euler's formula    printf("exp(I*PI) = %.1f%+.1fi\n", creal(z3), cimag(z3));
 
    double complex z4 = 1+2*I, z5 = 1-2*I; // conjugates    printf("(1+2i)*(1-2i) = %.1f%+.1fi\n", creal(z4*z5), cimag(z4*z5));}

輸出:

I * I = -1.0+0.0ipow(I, 2) = -1.0+0.0iexp(I*PI) = -1.0+0.0i(1+2i)*(1-2i) = 5.0+0.0i

參考

  • C11標準(ISO / IEC 9899:2011):

    • 6.10.8.3/1/2 __STDC_NO_COMPLEX__(p:177)

    • 6.10.8.3/1/2 __STDC_IEC_559_COMPLEX__(p:177)

    • 7.3復雜算術<complex.h>(p:188-199)

    • 7.3.1 / 2 __STDC_NO_COMPLEX__(p:188)

    • 7.25類型通用數(shù)學<tgmath.h>(p:373-375)

    • 7.31.1復雜算術<complex.h>(p:455)

    • B.2復雜<complex.h>(p:475-477)

    • 附錄G(規(guī)范性附錄)兼容IEC 60559的復數(shù)運算(p:532-545)

    • G.1 / 1 __STDC_IEC_559_COMPLEX__(p:532)

  • C99標準(ISO / IEC 9899:1999):

    • 6.10.8 / 2 __STDC_IEC_559_COMPLEX__(p:161)

    • 7.3復雜算術<complex.h>(p:170-180)

    • 7.22類型通用數(shù)學<tgmath.h>(p:335-337)

    • 7.26.1復雜算術<complex.h>(p:401)

    • B.2復雜<complex.h>(p:419-420)

    • 附錄G(資料性附錄)符合IEC 60559的復雜算術(p:467-480)

    • G.1 / 1 __STDC_IEC_559_COMPLEX__(p:467)

| 用于復數(shù)運算的C ++文檔

|:----|

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