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  • Describe the `display: none` versus `visibility: hidden` properties
    Describe the `display: none` versus `visibility: hidden` properties
    The main difference between display:none and visibility:hidden is whether space is retained and layout is affected. 1.display:none will completely remove elements, do not occupy space, affecting the page layout; it is suitable for completely hiding modules. 2.visibility:hidden only makes the element invisible, but retains its placeholder space and does not affect the layout; it is suitable for content that needs to be retained but temporarily hides it. 3. In terms of child element inheritance, visibility:hidden can be inherited by child elements but can display child elements separately, while display:none hides the entire subtree and cannot display child elements separately. Both have applicable scenarios, depending on whether the space of the element needs to be retained.
    CSS Tutorial . Web Front-end 423 2025-07-18 03:54:00
  • What is critical CSS and how to optimize it?
    What is critical CSS and how to optimize it?
    CriticalCSS optimization improves the loading experience of the first screen through inline key styles of the first screen. If ignored, the browser will block rendering and cause white screen, affecting core performance indicators such as FCP and CLS. Steps: 1. Use Puppeteer/Critical and other tools to extract the first screen CSS; 2. Inline it to the HTML head; 3. Load the remaining CSS asynchronously, which can be loaded dynamically by JS or rel="preload" and other methods; 4. Update key CSS regularly, combined with test performance changes such as Lighthouse.
    CSS Tutorial . Web Front-end 489 2025-07-18 03:49:50
  • How to create a sticky header with CSS
    How to create a sticky header with CSS
    Use position:sticky to achieve ceiling effect, and its core lies in understanding the mechanism and limitations of this property. position:sticky is a combination of relative positioning and fixed positioning, which is fixed to a certain position on the screen when scrolling to a set threshold (such as top:0); 1. The threshold must be set to take effect; 2. The parent container cannot have restrictions such as overflow:hidden or transform; 3. It does not deviate from the document flow, and the layout is still affected by it. Notes should be paid to: 1. Set appropriate z-index to prevent being blocked; 2. Check the parent container to avoid causing sticky failure; 3. Multiple sticky elements can be automatically stacked without manual intervention; 4. It is recommended to add backing to the table header and other elements.
    CSS Tutorial . Web Front-end 456 2025-07-18 03:48:51
  • What is the CSS box model
    What is the CSS box model
    The CSS box model is the basic mechanism for web page element placeholding and size calculation. It consists of content, inner margin, border and outer margin; by default, the width attribute only refers to the width of the content area, and the actual width will be larger after adding padding and border; box-sizing: border-box allows the set width to include padding and border, simplifying layout calculation; padding is used to control the spacing between content and border, margin is used to control the distance between elements, but margins of adjacent block-level elements in vertical direction will be merged; development suggestions include using browser development
    CSS Tutorial . Web Front-end 485 2025-07-18 03:44:30
  • What is the purpose of CSS variables scope?
    What is the purpose of CSS variables scope?
    The scope of CSS variables controls their access scope and behavior, and implements style control through global and local scopes. By default, CSS variables are valid in declared elements and their children, but the scope can be adjusted by defining the location; global variables are defined in: root pseudo-class and can be accessed by the entire document; local variables are defined in a specific selector, only for use by this component or region; reasonable scope improves maintainability and avoids naming conflicts; common patterns are global variables used for topics (such as colors, fonts), and local variables are used for component layout settings; variables can be overwritten at any level of the DOM tree, providing finer style control; fallback values can be specified when using variables to enhance robustness; appropriate scope makes the style neat, predictable, and easy to expand.
    CSS Tutorial . Web Front-end 571 2025-07-18 03:35:41
  • How to use Google Fonts in CSS
    How to use Google Fonts in CSS
    Adding web fonts with GoogleFonts is only three steps: 1. Select the font and get the link: Visit the GoogleFonts website to select the font and add it to favorites, copy the generated tags to insert the HTML part; 2. Quote fonts in CSS: Use the selected font through the font-family attribute, and specify different thickness styles; 3. Pay attention to performance details: avoid loading too many fonts to affect the speed, Chinese fonts are slow to load, and preload font resources can be optimized.
    CSS Tutorial . Web Front-end 420 2025-07-18 03:28:41
  • How to create a dashed or dotted border in CSS?
    How to create a dashed or dotted border in CSS?
    To use dotted or dotted borders, it can be achieved through the border-style property of CSS. 1. Use border-style to set the style, dotted represents dotted lines, dashed represents dotted lines; 2. Use border abbreviation properties to adjust the line width and color; 3. You can match border-radius to achieve rounded corner effect; 4. Pay attention to the possibility of subtle differences in the display under different browsers; 5. Check the color contrast and device adaptation to ensure accessibility.
    CSS Tutorial . Web Front-end 785 2025-07-18 03:28:20
  • Describe the difference between `display: inline`, `block`, and `inline-block`
    Describe the difference between `display: inline`, `block`, and `inline-block`
    display:inline, block, and inline-block are CSS properties that control element layout behavior. 1.display:inline element flows together with text stream, not exclusively occupying a line, width is determined by the content, width and height and vertical margins cannot be set, and it is suitable for inline elements such as, etc.; 2.display:block element exclusively occupying a line, occupies all widths by default, and can set width and height and inner and outer margins, which can be set for block-level elements; 3.display:inline-block combines the characteristics of the first two, like inline, and does not wrap lines, and can set layout attributes like blocks, which are suitable for situations where precise control is required but do not want to interrupt text streams.
    CSS Tutorial . Web Front-end 146 2025-07-18 03:22:31
  • Explain the difference between `rem` and `px` units
    Explain the difference between `rem` and `px` units
    px is a fixed unit, suitable for scenes where size needs to be precisely controlled, such as borders or small icons; rem is a relative unit, based on the font size of the root element, suitable for responsive design and improved accessibility. When using px, the element size is fixed and not affected by user settings; when using rem, adjust the font size of the root element to scale globally. A common practice is to use rem to set the font and layout spacing, and use px to process the parts that need to be accurately controlled. The two can be mixed, but the layout performance should be tested when the user changes the browser's default font size.
    CSS Tutorial . Web Front-end 990 2025-07-18 03:16:11
  • Describe the CSS `tab-size` property
    Describe the CSS `tab-size` property
    The tab-size attribute is used to control the number of spaces displayed by tab characters in HTML. The default is 8. The common usage is to adjust the indentation of the code block. 1. Basic usage: Set pre{tab-size:4;} to make the tab appear as 4 space widths, supporting numbers or inherit values. 2. Usage scenario: When displaying code in the structure, adjust the tab indent to make the layout more compact and beautiful, such as setting precode{tab-size:2;}. 3. Notes: Mainstream browsers support but IE is incompatible; it only affects tab display and does not affect spaces; child elements need to be set separately, otherwise the parent settings will not be inherited. The rational use of this attribute can improve the text display effect, especially for code document typesetting.
    CSS Tutorial . Web Front-end 746 2025-07-18 03:12:31
  • What is the `:focus-within` pseudo-class?
    What is the `:focus-within` pseudo-class?
    :focus-within is a CSS pseudo-class that applies styles to parent elements when the element itself or any of its child elements gain focus. 1. It is often used to highlight the entire form area in a form to improve user interaction experience; 2. It can be used to build an accessible drop-down menu to display the submenu when the parent gets focus; 3. It can style the parent element or sibling element according to the focus status of the child element, such as displaying help information. This feature allows dynamic, easy-to-access interfaces without JavaScript and is widely supported by modern browsers.
    CSS Tutorial . Web Front-end 552 2025-07-18 03:01:01
  • How to debug CSS using browser developer tools?
    How to debug CSS using browser developer tools?
    The key to debugging CSS is to be proficient in using browser developer tools, by viewing the style of element applications, modifying test effects in real time, analyzing the final rendered values using Computed panels, and quickly positioning problems with layout assistance functions. First, open the developer tool and select the target element. You can view the selector, attribute source and overwritten styles that hit the element in the Styles panel on the right (displayed as crossed out state), thereby determining priority conflicts; then you can directly modify or add attribute values in the Styles panel and switch class names to instantly preview the effect, which is suitable for adjusting layout and UI details; then switch to the Computed panel to view all inheritance and default styles and their actual calculated values, which helps to troubleshoot fonts, line heights and other issues; finally;
    CSS Tutorial . Web Front-end 684 2025-07-18 02:46:01
  • How do you use the `!important` flag? (Explain its implications)
    How do you use the `!important` flag? (Explain its implications)
    Youshoulduse!importantinCSStooverridestylesfromthird-partyorbrowsersources,butonlysparingly.1.UseitwhenoverridinginlineJavaScript-generatedstyles.2.ApplyitforurgentfixesonproductionsiteswherechangingoriginalCSSisn'tpossible.3.Useitwhenworkingwithlibr
    CSS Tutorial . Web Front-end 666 2025-07-18 02:17:11
  • How to select an element by its attribute in CSS?
    How to select an element by its attribute in CSS?
    In CSS, elements can be positioned according to their attributes through attributes of the element. 1. The basic syntax is to wrap the attribute name in brackets. For example, input[type="text"] will select all input elements with type attribute "text". 2. The attribute selector supports multiple matching methods: exact match [attr=value], partial match [attr~=value], start with a specific value [attr|=value], contains substring [attr*=value], start with a certain string [attr^=value] and end [attr$=value]. 3. Practical application includes
    CSS Tutorial . Web Front-end 135 2025-07-18 02:12:40

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