Use position: sticky to achieve ceiling effect, and its core lies in understanding the mechanism and limitations of this property. position: sticky is a combination of relative positioning and fixed positioning, which is fixed to a certain position on the screen when scrolling to a set threshold (such as top: 0); 1. The threshold must be set to take effect; 2. The parent container cannot have restrictions such as overflow: hidden or transform; 3. It does not detach from the document flow, and the layout is still affected by it. Notes should be paid to: 1. Set a suitable z-index to prevent being blocked; 2. Check the parent container to prevent sticky failure; 3. Multiple sticky elements can be automatically stacked without manual intervention; 4. It is recommended to add background colors for table headers to prevent content from being exposed; 5. Will-change or JavaScript can be used on the mobile terminal to improve compatibility. Application scenarios include navigation bar, sidebar, table header, product classification label, etc.
It is actually not difficult to make a ceiling effect. The key to using CSS to implement sticky header lies in position: sticky property. It doesn't detach from the document stream like fixed, nor does it rely on the positioning context like absolute, but is in between, "sticking" on the screen when scrolling to a specific position.
What is position: sticky?
position: sticky is a combination of relative positioning and fixed positioning. During the page scrolling, an element will maintain its relative position until it reaches a set threshold (such as the top distance), and then become a fixed position.
There are several prerequisites for it to take effect:
- A threshold must be set, such as
top: 0 - Parent container cannot have restrictions such as
overflow: hiddenortransform - It will not be separated from the document stream, so other content will still be laid out around it
For example: You want the navigation bar to be fixed at the top of the screen when scrolling to the top, just write this way:
.header {
position: sticky;
top: 0;
z-index: 100;
}How to prevent obstruction or misalignment?
Although sticky is very convenient, there are two problems that are easy to encounter in actual use: being covered by other elements, or suddenly disappearing.
The solution is very simple:
- Add a suitable
z-indexto the sticky element to make sure it floats above the other content - Check whether the parent container has set
overflow: hiddenortransform, which will cause sticky to fail - If multiple sticky elements are stacked together, the browser will automatically process their hierarchy relationships without having to intervene too much manually
Sometimes you will find that the header disappears when it starts scrolling. This may be because it is suppressed by the elements behind it. Adding a background color or border can help you find the problem faster.
Flexible application in different scenarios
In addition to making navigation bars, sticky can also be used in many places:
- Sidebar directory follows scrolling
- The table header is fixed
- Product category label top
For example, to make a fixed header for a table, you can write it like this:
th {
position: sticky;
top: 0;
background: white;
}Note that you should add a background color to the table header here, otherwise the content will be revealed when scrolling, which will look very messy.
Another common problem is: on mobile terminals, sometimes sticky effects are not very stable. At this time, it is recommended to use will-change: position or use JavaScript to downgrade to ensure compatibility.
Basically all this is it. The core of implementing sticky header is to understand the mechanism and restrictions of position: sticky . It seems simple, but you still need to pay more attention to the details, especially the layout structure and cascade order.
The above is the detailed content of How to create a sticky header with CSS. For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!
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