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Comparing Java Web Servers: Tomcat vs Jetty vs Undertow

UseTomcatforenterpriseenvironmentsneedingbroadcompatibilityandtoolingsupport.2.ChooseJettyformodular,embeddableapplicationswithheavyasyncorWebSocketusage.3.OptforUndertowwhenhighperformance,lowlatency,andnon-blockingI/Oarecritical,especiallyinmodernm

Jul 26, 2025 am 07:51 AM

Java Reflection API: Power and Pitfalls

The core answer to reflection is: it is a double-edged sword that can realize dynamic operational structures at runtime, but it needs to be used with caution to avoid performance, safety and maintenance issues. 1. The power of reflection lies in dynamically creating objects, calling methods, accessing private members and extracting generic type information, which is widely used in frameworks such as Spring and Hibernate. 2. The main risks include high performance overhead, disruption of packaging, runtime errors caused by bypassing compile-time checks, and compatibility issues with new features such as Java module systems. 3. Suitable for use in framework development, plug-in systems, unit testing and generic type recovery, and should be avoided in ordinary business logic, performance-sensitive scenarios, or polymorphic substitutions. 4. Best practices include priority use of interface design and ease of

Jul 26, 2025 am 07:50 AM

Understanding Bytecode and the Java Compilation Process

Java programs do not run directly on the computer, but are first compiled into bytecode and then executed by the JVM; 1.javac compiles the .java file into platform-independent bytecode (.class file); 2. JVM's class loader loads the .class file; 3. Bytecode validator checks security; 4. JVM executes bytecode through the interpreter, and the JIT compiler dynamically compiles the hotspot code into local machine code to improve performance; this mechanism realizes Java's "write once, run everywhere", while ensuring security and execution efficiency. Finally, through tools such as Java, you can also view bytecode instructions, which fully demonstrates the entire process from Java source code to local execution.

Jul 26, 2025 am 07:49 AM

java Compilation principle

The Role of the `serialVersionUID` in Java Serialization

serialVersionUIDisaversioncontrolfieldinJavausedtoensurecompatibilitybetweenserializedanddeserializedobjects;2.Itmustbedeclaredasprivatestaticfinallongandischeckedduringdeserializationtoverifyclasscompatibility;3.Ifnotexplicitlydeclared,theJVMgenerat

Jul 26, 2025 am 07:48 AM

java serialization

Java Development with Visual Studio Code

It is completely possible to use VisualStudioCode for Java development, especially suitable for small and medium-sized projects, learning or hybrid multilingual development. 1. Install the ExtensionPackforJava plug-in, which includes syntax support, debugging, testing, Maven and project management functions; 2. Configure the JDK environment, it is recommended to use OpenJDK11 or 17, and set JAVA_HOME. VSCode can automatically recognize or manually specify paths in the settings; 3. Create a project by using Maven through the command line or use the "Java:CreateaJavaproject" command in VSCode to quickly generate standard structures; 4. Enjoy intelligent completion and reconstruction when writing code.

Jul 26, 2025 am 07:46 AM

java programming

Building Scalable Java Applications with Vert.x

Vert.x is a lightweight, high-performance JVM-based toolkit for building responsive, non-blocking applications suitable for high concurrency, real-time interactive scenarios. 1. It adopts non-blocking I/O and event loop models to improve throughput; 2. Supports multi-language development to facilitate team collaboration; 3. Provides modular design, which can use HTTP servers, WebSockets and other functions as needed; 4. Naturally supports microservice architecture, and realizes inter-service communication through EventBus; 5. It can be used in real-time data processing, API gateways, microservice underlying runtime and other scenarios; 6. Be careful to avoid blocking operations in event loops, and it is recommended that time-consuming tasks be handed over to the Worker thread pool for processing.

Jul 26, 2025 am 07:41 AM

Advanced Java Logging with SLF4J and Logback

SLF4J Logback has become the preferred solution for Java logging due to its flexibility, performance advantages and ecological support. 1. SLF4J is a log facade, allowing switching of underlying implementations without changing the code; 2. Logback is its native implementation, with better performance than Log4j and rich configuration; 3. SpringBoot and most open source libraries integrate this combination by default to avoid binding conflicts; 4. Support multi-environment logging policy through logback-spring.xml configuration file; 5. Use RollingFileAppender to implement log archiving and automatic cleaning; 6. AsyncAppender improves log writing performance; 7. Reasonably set the log level (TRACE/DEBU

Jul 26, 2025 am 07:39 AM

slf4j java log

The Internals of the Java `final` Keyword

ThefinalkeywordinJavaenforcesimmutabilityatcompiletimeandenablesruntimeoptimizationsbyrestrictingreassignmentofvariables,methods,andclasses;2.Forfinalfields,theJavaMemoryModelguaranteessafepublicationwithoutsynchronization,ensuringotherthreadsseecorr

Jul 26, 2025 am 07:37 AM

How to Troubleshoot and Fix Memory Leaks in a Java Application

Identify signs of memory leaks, such as continuous growth in memory usage, frequent complete garbage collection, OutOfMemoryError exceptions and slow application; 2. Use jmap or JVM parameters to generate heap dump files, and use tools such as EclipseMAT and VisualVM to analyze them, focusing on the "LeakSuspects" report; 3. Common reasons include unlimited growth of static collections, unclosed resources, unlogged listeners, internal class hold external class references, and class loader leakage. Weak references, try-with-resources, timely unbinding, static internal classes and cleaning up ThreadLocal should be repaired respectively; 4. Through production environment monitoring, regular stress testing, code review

Jul 26, 2025 am 07:28 AM

java memory leak

Java API Development with the Spring Framework

StartbysettingupaSpringBootprojectusingSpringInitializrwithdependencieslikeSpringWeb,SpringDataJPA,andLombokforstreamlineddevelopment.2.CreateaRESTcontrollerwith@RestControlleranduseannotationslike@GetMapping,@PostMapping,@PathVariable,and@RequestBod

Jul 26, 2025 am 07:26 AM

how to connect to mysql database in java with jdbc

The most common method to connect to MySQL databases in Java is to use JDBC. The specific steps are as follows: 1. Add MySQLJDBC driver dependency. The Maven project can add mysql-connector-java dependency in pom.xml. Non-Maven projects can manually introduce jar packages; 2. Load the driver class and establish a connection. Load the driver through Class.forName("com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver"), and use the DriverManager.getConnection() method to pass in the URL, username and password of the format jdbc:mysql://

Jul 26, 2025 am 07:24 AM

Testing Java Applications with JUnit 5 and Mockito

First, you need to correctly configure JUnit5 and Mockito dependencies in your project, and then write test cases using JUnit5 and mock dependencies in combination with Mockito. 1. Add test dependencies of JUnit5 and Mockito in Maven or Gradle; 2. Write unit tests using JUnit5 annotation and assertion methods such as @Test and assertEquals; 3. Create mock objects with @Mock, @InjectMocks inject the tested object, @ExtendWith(MockitoExtension.class) to enable Mockito support, and define mocks through when().thenReturn()

Jul 26, 2025 am 07:21 AM

what is public static void main string args in java

publicstaticvoidmain(String[]args) is the entry point of a Java program and must be declared in a fixed format to ensure that Java can be correctly recognized and executed. Its components respectively indicate: public allows external access, static can be called without instantiation, void means no return value, main is the method name, and String[]args is used to receive command line parameters. Common errors include spelling errors, parameter type errors, missing static keywords, or adding extra parameters. A correct understanding of the functions of each part can help avoid errors and implement parameterized running programs.

Jul 26, 2025 am 07:04 AM

Object-Oriented Design Principles in a Modern Java Context

Object-orienteddesignprinciplesremainessentialinmodernJavadevelopment,evolvingalongsidenewlanguagefeaturesandarchitecturalpatterns.1.SOLIDprinciplesaremorerelevantthanever:SRPensuressingle-purposeclasses,especiallyinlayeredframeworkslikeSpring;OCPpro

Jul 26, 2025 am 07:00 AM