Git is a fast, reliable, and adaptable distributed version control system. It is designed to support distributed, non-linear workflows, making it ideal for software development teams of all sizes. Each Git working directory is an independent repository with a complete history of all changes and the ability to track versions even without network access or a central server.

GitHub is a Git repository hosted on the cloud that provides all the features of distributed revision control. GitHub is a Git repository hosted on the cloud. Unlike Git which is a CLI tool, GitHub has a web-based graphical user interface. It is used for version control, which involves collaborating with other developers and tracking changes made to scripts and code over time. With GitHub, every team member can create a central cloud-based repository and make changes to data, enabling project collaboration.

This article demonstrates how to get Git on an Ubuntu system.

Git installation on Ubuntu

There are three main ways to install Git on Ubuntu:

1. Using Ubuntu Package Manager (APT)
2. Using Git Maintainers PPA
3. Source: Git

Method 1: Install GIT using the default APT repository on Ubuntu 22.04

Step 1: Update the system

When installing Git on an Ubuntu system, it is crucial to use updated packages. Doing so can help mitigate package conflicts that may arise during the installation process and ensure a smooth installation process.

You can use the "Update" command in the "Advanced Packaging Tool" to update the system's software package.

Sudoku APT update

Output:

It is recommended to upgrade any outdated packages after the update is complete. Use this command to perform this upgrade:

sudo apt upgrade

Output:

Step 2: Check if Git exists on Ubuntu

It is recommended to confirm whether Git already exists on your computer before proceeding with the installation. This allows us to avoid repeated installations and keep the system clean.

Use the "git" command and --version to check whether Git already exists in the system. If Git is installed, the previously installed version is displayed:

git——version

Output:

Step 3: Use APT command

If the previous command returns nothing, it will verify that Git is not installed on your machine. Now it's time to set up Git.

Because it provides an easy-to-use process, we install Git using Ubuntu's repository. Run the "Install" command using sudo apt to install Git.

Sudo apt install git

Output:

Step 4: Verify that Ubuntu’s GIT installation is successful

After the installation is complete, you should ensure that Git is installed correctly.

Once again, we can use -version to verify the installation. At this point, the following command should return the most recently installed Git version:

Git-version

When the command runs, you should see something like this:

Method 2: Install GIT on Ubuntu via Git Maintainer PPA

It is sometimes better to use the latest Git version, especially when new features or critical bug fixes are needed. The Ubuntu Git maintenance team maintains the Personal Package Archive (PPA), which is usually the source of the latest stable version of Git. Depending on your specific needs and your work environment, this approach may have a number of major benefits.

Step 1: Import Git Maintainer PPA

We need to add the Git PPA to the system's repository list. Access to the latest stable Git version is guaranteed by this PPA. Even though your system may already have the following packages installed, it's not a bad thing to recheck.

SUDO add-apt-repository-ppa:git-core/ppa

Output:

Step 2: Refresh package index after PPA import

After importing a Git PPA into the system's repository list, the package index must be refreshed. Now that the repository has been added, your system is able to recognize recently downloaded packages.

To update the package index, do the following:

Sudoku APT update

Step 3: Install git using apt ppa command

Step 3: Install git using apt ppa command

You can upgrade or install Git once the PPA is set up. This command performs this task:

Sudo apt install git-y

Output:

If you have installed GIT from the Ubuntu repository, you can upgrade Git from the additional PPA to the latest version by running this command.
After the upgrade or installation is completed, confirm the installed Git version:

git——version

Output:

You should see something like this:

This indicates that the latest version of Git is installed correctly on your computer.

Checking the repository your Git installation came from can give you more information. Because PPAs usually contain a newer version of Git, using the following command should reflect the latest PPA additions:

APT-Cache Strategy Git

Output:

Method 3: Install Git from source

This method gives the user more control over the installation process and grants access to specific features that may not be included in the prepackaged distribution.

Step 1: Configure Ubuntu using GIT Build Predencies

First, you need to install the necessary build dependencies on your Ubuntu system. These requirements are required for Git compilation. To configure these, use the following commands:

Sudo apt install make libssl-dev libghc-zlib-dev libcurl4-Gnutls-dev libexpat1-dev gettext decompression-y

Output:

Step 2: Get the GIT source code

Go to the Git release page to get the source code. To download the required version, use the following command. Don't forget to replace {version} with the desired Git version.

curl—o git.tar.gz www.example.com

Output:

Step 3: Extract and install GIT source code

Now, now compile and install git. To start compilation, use the following command:

sudo tar—xf git.tar.gz

Find and open the unzipped directory:

cd git—2.37.1

Output:

Now, compile and install git. Start compilation using the following command:

sudo make prefix =/usr/local all

This command instructs the build system to install in the "/usr/local" folder at the end of the compilation process. The "all" flag ensures a complete build including all components.

After compilation is completed, start the installation:

sudo make prefix =/usr/local install

Output:

Git is now installed in the "/usr/local" directory. The process involves copying the necessary files and granting the necessary permissions to make Git accessible on your machine.
Verify that the build is accurate and the installation was successful.

git——version

Output:

This command should confirm that Git is properly integrated into your system by returning your installed version.

in conclusion

Git is a widely used and powerful distributed version control system. This article demonstrates how to install Git on Ubuntu 22.04 and earlier. We discussed three methods: using the Ubuntu Package Manager (apt), using the Git Maintainer PPA, and using Git source code. You can find many online resources, such as the official Git manual, to help you learn how to use Git.

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