Title: Efficient Practical Guide to Go Language Encoding Conversion

In daily software development, we often encounter the need to convert text in different encodings. As an efficient and modern programming language, Go language provides a rich standard library and built-in functions, making it very simple and efficient to implement text encoding conversion. This article will introduce practical guidelines on how to perform encoding conversion in the Go language and provide specific code examples.

1. UTF-8 encoding and string conversion

In the Go language, strings use UTF-8 encoding by default. If you need to convert other encoded strings to UTF-8 encoding, you can use the golang.org/x/text/encoding package to achieve this. The following is a sample code:

import (
    "log"
    "golang.org/x/text/encoding"
    "golang.org/x/text/encoding/charmap"
)

func ConvertToUTF8(input []byte, enc encoding.Encoding) ([]byte, error) {
    output, err := enc.NewDecoder().Bytes(input)
    if err != nil {
        return nil, err
    }
    return output, nil
}

func main() {
    input := []byte{0xC7, 0xD1, 0xCE, 0xC4} // GBK編碼的"中文"
    enc := charmap.GBK
    output, err := ConvertToUTF8(input, enc)
    if err != nil {
        log.Fatal(err)
    }
    log.Printf("轉(zhuǎn)換后的UTF-8編碼：%v", string(output))
}

In the above code, we use charmap.GBK to specify the GBK encoding to convert the byte slice containing Chinese into UTF-8 encoded characters string and output the result.

2. String encoding and decoding

The encoding package in Go language provides rich encoding and decoding functions to meet the conversion needs of various encoding formats. The following is a sample code that demonstrates how to convert a UTF-8 encoded string to Base64 encoding:

import (
    "encoding/base64"
    "log"
)

func EncodeToBase64(input string) string {
    return base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString([]byte(input))
}

func main() {
    input := "Hello, 世界"
    output := EncodeToBase64(input)
    log.Printf("Base64編碼后的結(jié)果：%v", output)
}

In the above code, we use the base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString method to convert the UTF -8 encoded string is Base64 encoded and the result is output.

3. File encoding conversion

In actual development, sometimes it is necessary to convert the encoding of files to meet the needs of different platforms or applications. The bufio package in the Go language provides convenient file reading and writing functions. Combined with the encoding package, file encoding conversion can be achieved. The following is a sample code that demonstrates how to convert a file from GBK encoding to UTF-8 encoding:

package main

import (
    "bufio"
    "golang.org/x/text/encoding"
    "golang.org/x/text/encoding/charmap"
    "os"
    "log"
)

func ConvertFileEncoding(inputPath string, outputPath string, enc encoding.Encoding) error {
    inputFile, err := os.Open(inputPath)
    if err != nil {
        return err
    }
    defer inputFile.Close()

    outputFile, err := os.Create(outputPath)
    if err != nil {
        return err
    }
    defer outputFile.Close()

    reader := bufio.NewReader(inputFile)
    writer := bufio.NewWriter(outputFile)

    decoder := enc.NewDecoder()

    for {
        line, err := reader.ReadBytes('
')
        if err != nil {
            break
        }
        decodedLine, err := decoder.Bytes(line)
        if err != nil {
            return err
        }
        writer.Write(decodedLine)
    }
    writer.Flush()

    return nil
}

func main() {
    inputPath := "input.txt"
    outputPath := "output.txt"
    enc := charmap.GBK

    err := ConvertFileEncoding(inputPath, outputPath, enc)
    if err != nil {
        log.Fatal(err)
    }
    log.Println("文件編碼轉(zhuǎn)換成功！")
}

In the above code, we read the contents of the input.txt file and convert GBK The encoding is converted to UTF-8 encoding and written to the output.txt file.

Conclusion

Through the introduction of this article, we have learned about efficient practical guidelines for encoding conversion in the Go language and provided specific code examples. For encoding conversion needs, we can easily implement it by using the rich standard libraries and packages of the Go language. I hope this article can help readers handle the task of text encoding conversion more efficiently.

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