Guidelines for using CSS attributes to improve the accessibility of web pages

With the continuous development of the Internet, web pages have become one of the important channels for people to obtain information and participate in communication. However, some users with vision, hearing or other special needs may have difficulty accessing the web. In order for web pages to better serve all users, it is particularly important to improve the accessibility of web pages. As an important part of web design, CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) can improve the accessibility of web pages through the use of some attributes. This article will focus on this topic and introduce some CSS properties to improve the accessibility of web pages, accompanied by specific code examples.

1. Text-related attributes
   In web pages, text is one of the main ways of information transmission and communication. For users with visual impairments or dyslexia, text accessibility is critical. Here are some CSS properties and sample code to improve text accessibility:

(1) color: You can make text more readable by creating sufficient contrast between the text color and the background color. For example:

p {
  color: #333333; /* 文字顏色 */
  background-color: #FFFFFF; /* 背景顏色 */
}

(2) font-family: Choose an easy-to-read font, such as Song Dynasty, Microsoft Yahei, etc. For example:

body {
  font-family: "Microsoft YaHei", "SimSun", sans-serif; /* 字體選擇 */
}

(3) font-size: Adjust the text size to adapt to the needs of different users. For example:

h1 {
  font-size: 24px; /* 文字大小 */
}

2. Image related attributes
   Images in web pages are not visible to visually impaired users, so some attributes are needed to provide accessibility. Here are some CSS properties and sample code to improve image accessibility:

(1) alt: Add appropriate alternative text to all images so that visually impaired users can understand the image content. For example:

<img src="/static/imghw/default1.png"  data-src="example.jpg"  class="lazy" alt="這是一個(gè)示例圖像">

(2) background-image: For elements that use a pure background image, appropriate descriptive text needs to be used to provide accessibility. For example:

.button {
  background-image: url("button.jpg");
  text-indent: -9999px; /* 將文本向左偏移使其隱藏 */
  overflow: hidden; /* 隱藏超出范圍的內(nèi)容 */
}

3. Link-related attributes
Links are one of the important interactive elements in web pages. In order to make links easier to identify and operate, the following are some CSS properties and examples that improve link accessibility. Code:

(1):link, :visited, :hover, :focus: By setting different styles for links, they can be easier to identify in different states. For example:

a:link, a:visited {
  color: #0000FF; /* 普通鏈接和已訪問(wèn)鏈接顏色 */
}

a:hover, a:focus {
  color: #FF0000; /* 鼠標(biāo)懸停鏈接和獲取焦點(diǎn)鏈接顏色 */
}

(2) text-decoration: Provide visual cues for links by changing underlines or strikethroughs through styles. For example:

a {
  text-decoration: underline; /* 添加下劃線 */
}

4. Layout related attributes
   A reasonable layout can make the page more readable and easy to use. The following are some CSS properties and sample codes that improve the accessibility of the layout:

(1) display: By setting the display attribute of the element, control the layout of the element to adapt to the needs of different users. For example:

.container {
  display: flex; /* 塊級(jí)元素變?yōu)閺椥院凶?*/
  flex-wrap: wrap; /* 當(dāng)容器寬度不足時(shí)，自動(dòng)換行 */
}

(2) position: By setting the position attribute of the element, its position on the page is consistent to facilitate user operations. For example:

.button {
  position: fixed; /* 固定在頁(yè)面上的位置不變 */
  top: 10px; /* 與頁(yè)面頂部的距離 */
  right: 10px; /* 與頁(yè)面右側(cè)的距離 */
}

Summary
Through the use of the above CSS properties, we can improve the accessibility of web pages and provide a better user experience for all users. It’s important to note that the above are just some basic CSS properties and examples, not a comprehensive list. In practical applications, we can also combine other CSS properties and techniques to determine the most suitable accessibility solution.

By understanding and flexibly using these CSS techniques, we can provide users with a more friendly and convenient web environment. Only with good accessibility can web pages better realize the transmission and exchange of information and achieve true equality and inclusiveness for everyone.

Reference link:

• Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG): https://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG21/
• CSS Accessible Solutions: https://css-tricks.com/css-accessible-web-buttons/

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