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Home Backend Development Python Tutorial How to use Selenium for automated web testing

How to use Selenium for automated web testing

Aug 02, 2023 pm 07:43 PM
test selenium web automation

How to use Selenium for Web automated testing

Overview:
Web automated testing is a vital part of the modern software development process. Selenium is a powerful automated testing tool that can simulate user operations in a web browser and implement automated testing processes. This article will introduce how to use Selenium for web automation testing, and come with code examples to help readers get started quickly.

  1. Environment preparation
    Before starting, you need to install the Selenium library and web browser driver. Selenium can be installed through the command line:
pip install selenium

In addition, you also need to download the corresponding browser driver. The driver download addresses for different browsers are as follows:

  • Chrome: https://sites.google.com/a/chromium.org/chromedriver/downloads
  • Firefox: https: //github.com/mozilla/geckodriver/releases
  • Edge:https://developer.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-edge/tools/webdriver/
  • Safari:https ://webkit.org/blog/6900/webdriver-support-in-safari-10/

Choose the browser driver that suits you, download it and save it locally.

  1. Create a test script
    The first step in using Selenium for automated web testing is to create a test script. First, we need to import the selenium library and set the path of the browser driver:
from selenium import webdriver

# 設(shè)置瀏覽器驅(qū)動程序路徑
driver_path = "路徑/到/瀏覽器驅(qū)動程序"

# 創(chuàng)建一個WebDriver實例
driver = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path=driver_path)

Next, we can access the web page and perform operations through the WebDriver instance. For example, get the page title:

# 打開網(wǎng)頁
driver.get("http://www.example.com")

# 獲取頁面標(biāo)題
title = driver.title
print(title)
  1. Location element
    During the test, we need to interact with elements on the Web page, such as clicking buttons, entering text, etc. Therefore, accurately locating elements is an important part of web automation testing. Selenium provides a variety of methods for locating elements, including ID, class name, tag name, link text, CSS selector, XPath, etc. Here are a few examples:
# 使用ID定位元素
element = driver.find_element_by_id("element_id")

# 使用類名定位元素
element = driver.find_element_by_class_name("element_class")

# 使用CSS選擇器定位元素
element = driver.find_element_by_css_selector("css_selector")

# 使用XPath定位元素
element = driver.find_element_by_xpath("xpath")
  1. Perform operations
    Once we locate the element that needs to be operated, we can perform the corresponding operation. For example, click a button, enter text, etc.:
# 點擊按鈕
button = driver.find_element_by_id("button_id")
button.click()

# 輸入文本
input_box = driver.find_element_by_id("input_box_id")
input_box.send_keys("文本內(nèi)容")
  1. Assertion and Verification
    After passing the operation and input, we usually need to verify the results on the page. Selenium provides a variety of assertion and verification methods, such as determining whether an element exists, determining whether the element text matches, etc. Here are a few examples:
# 判斷元素是否存在
element_exists = driver.find_element_by_id("element_id").is_displayed()

# 判斷元素文本是否匹配
element_text = driver.find_element_by_id("element_id").text
assert element_text == "期望的文本"
  1. Close the browser
    After the test execution is completed, it is best to close the browser to release resources. For example:
# 關(guān)閉瀏覽器
driver.quit()

Summary:
This article introduces how to use Selenium for web automation testing, and comes with code examples. By learning these basic methods and techniques, readers can use Selenium to carry out automated testing in actual projects. I hope this article can be helpful to everyone.

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