How to use distributed locks to control concurrent access in MySQL?
Jul 30, 2023 pm 10:04 PMHow to use distributed locks to control concurrent access in MySQL?
In database systems, high concurrent access is a common problem, and distributed locks are one of the common solutions. This article will introduce how to use distributed locks in MySQL to control concurrent access and provide corresponding code examples.
1. Principle
Distributed locks can be used to protect shared resources to ensure that only one thread can access the resource at the same time. In MySQL, distributed locks can be implemented in the following ways:
- Create a table named lock_table to store the status of the lock. The table needs to contain at least the following fields: lock name, lock holder, lock status, etc.
- Access and modify lock_table by using transactions and row-level locks.
2. Implementation steps
The following are the steps to use distributed locks in MySQL:
Step 1: Create lock_table
First, create a table named lock_table Table used to store lock status. The table is defined as follows:
CREATE TABLE lock_table
(
id
INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
lock_name
VARCHAR(64) NOT NULL,
lock_holder
VARCHAR(64) DEFAULT NULL,
status
INT DEFAULT '0',
created_time
TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
PRIMARY KEY (id
),
UNIQUE KEY lock_name
(lock_name
)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4;
Step 2: Obtain distributed lock
The following is a code example to obtain a distributed lock:
START TRANSACTION;
SELECT * FROM lock_table WHERE lock_name = 'my_lock' FOR UPDATE;
-- Determine whether other threads already hold the lock
SELECT * FROM lock_table WHERE lock_name = 'my_lock' AND status = 1;
-- If no other thread holds the lock If you have a lock, you can set yourself as the holder of the lock and set the lock status to 1
INSERT INTO lock_table (lock_name, lock_holder, status) VALUES ('my_lock', 'thread_id', 1);
COMMIT;
Step 3: Release the distributed lock
When the thread completes the operation of the shared resource, the distributed lock should be released in time. The following is a code example to release a distributed lock:
START TRANSACTION;
SELECT * FROM lock_table WHERE lock_name = 'my_lock' FOR UPDATE;
-- Determine whether the current thread Holding lock
SELECT * FROM lock_table WHERE lock_name = 'my_lock' AND lock_holder = 'thread_id';
-- If the current thread holds the lock, then set the lock holder and status to null and 0
UPDATE lock_table SET lock_holder = NULL, status = 0 WHERE lock_name = 'my_lock' AND lock_holder = 'thread_id';
COMMIT;
3. Notes
In When using distributed locks, you need to pay attention to the following points:
- Try to avoid long transactions: Long transactions will occupy lock resources and cause other threads to wait too long. Therefore, the length of the transaction should be minimized and operations on shared resources should be completed as quickly as possible.
- Avoid deadlock: Deadlock refers to a situation where two or more transactions are waiting for each other to release lock resources, resulting in the inability to continue. In order to avoid the occurrence of deadlock, you should pay attention to the order of lock acquisition and release when using distributed locks.
- Consider lock management in a distributed environment: In a distributed environment, different database instances may have problems such as network delays, so the management and scheduling of distributed locks need to be considered. You can use distributed lock services or other distributed coordination tools to manage the allocation and release of lock resources.
4. Summary
This article introduces how to use distributed locks to control concurrent access in MySQL, and provides corresponding code examples. Distributed locks are a commonly used way to solve high concurrent access problems, but precautions need to be taken when using them to avoid long transactions and deadlocks. In a distributed environment, lock management and scheduling also need to be considered.
The above is the detailed content of How to use distributed locks to control concurrent access in MySQL?. For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!

Hot AI Tools

Undress AI Tool
Undress images for free

Undresser.AI Undress
AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover
Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Clothoff.io
AI clothes remover

Video Face Swap
Swap faces in any video effortlessly with our completely free AI face swap tool!

Hot Article

Hot Tools

Notepad++7.3.1
Easy-to-use and free code editor

SublimeText3 Chinese version
Chinese version, very easy to use

Zend Studio 13.0.1
Powerful PHP integrated development environment

Dreamweaver CS6
Visual web development tools

SublimeText3 Mac version
God-level code editing software (SublimeText3)

1. The first choice for the Laravel MySQL Vue/React combination in the PHP development question and answer community is the first choice for Laravel MySQL Vue/React combination, due to its maturity in the ecosystem and high development efficiency; 2. High performance requires dependence on cache (Redis), database optimization, CDN and asynchronous queues; 3. Security must be done with input filtering, CSRF protection, HTTPS, password encryption and permission control; 4. Money optional advertising, member subscription, rewards, commissions, knowledge payment and other models, the core is to match community tone and user needs.

To achieve MySQL deployment automation, the key is to use Terraform to define resources, Ansible management configuration, Git for version control, and strengthen security and permission management. 1. Use Terraform to define MySQL instances, such as the version, type, access control and other resource attributes of AWSRDS; 2. Use AnsiblePlaybook to realize detailed configurations such as database user creation, permission settings, etc.; 3. All configuration files are included in Git management, support change tracking and collaborative development; 4. Avoid hard-coded sensitive information, use Vault or AnsibleVault to manage passwords, and set access control and minimum permission principles.

There are three main ways to set environment variables in PHP: 1. Global configuration through php.ini; 2. Passed through a web server (such as SetEnv of Apache or fastcgi_param of Nginx); 3. Use putenv() function in PHP scripts. Among them, php.ini is suitable for global and infrequently changing configurations, web server configuration is suitable for scenarios that need to be isolated, and putenv() is suitable for temporary variables. Persistence policies include configuration files (such as php.ini or web server configuration), .env files are loaded with dotenv library, and dynamic injection of variables in CI/CD processes. Security management sensitive information should be avoided hard-coded, and it is recommended to use.en

To collect user behavior data, you need to record browsing, search, purchase and other information into the database through PHP, and clean and analyze it to explore interest preferences; 2. The selection of recommendation algorithms should be determined based on data characteristics: based on content, collaborative filtering, rules or mixed recommendations; 3. Collaborative filtering can be implemented in PHP to calculate user cosine similarity, select K nearest neighbors, weighted prediction scores and recommend high-scoring products; 4. Performance evaluation uses accuracy, recall, F1 value and CTR, conversion rate and verify the effect through A/B tests; 5. Cold start problems can be alleviated through product attributes, user registration information, popular recommendations and expert evaluations; 6. Performance optimization methods include cached recommendation results, asynchronous processing, distributed computing and SQL query optimization, thereby improving recommendation efficiency and user experience.

To recycle MySQL user permissions using REVOKE, you need to specify the permission type, database, and user by format. 1. Use REVOKEALLPRIVILEGES, GRANTOPTIONFROM'username'@'hostname'; 2. Use REVOKEALLPRIVILEGESONmydb.FROM'username'@'hostname'; 3. Use REVOKEALLPRIVILEGESONmydb.FROM'username'@'hostname'; 3. Use REVOKE permission type ON.*FROM'username'@'hostname'; Note that after execution, it is recommended to refresh the permissions. The scope of the permissions must be consistent with the authorization time, and non-existent permissions cannot be recycled.

Why do I need SSL/TLS encryption MySQL connection? Because unencrypted connections may cause sensitive data to be intercepted, enabling SSL/TLS can prevent man-in-the-middle attacks and meet compliance requirements; 2. How to configure SSL/TLS for MySQL? You need to generate a certificate and a private key, modify the configuration file to specify the ssl-ca, ssl-cert and ssl-key paths and restart the service; 3. How to force SSL when the client connects? Implemented by specifying REQUIRESSL or REQUIREX509 when creating a user; 4. Details that are easily overlooked in SSL configuration include certificate path permissions, certificate expiration issues, and client configuration requirements.

PHP plays the role of connector and brain center in intelligent customer service, responsible for connecting front-end input, database storage and external AI services; 2. When implementing it, it is necessary to build a multi-layer architecture: the front-end receives user messages, the PHP back-end preprocesses and routes requests, first matches the local knowledge base, and misses, call external AI services such as OpenAI or Dialogflow to obtain intelligent reply; 3. Session management is written to MySQL and other databases by PHP to ensure context continuity; 4. Integrated AI services need to use Guzzle to send HTTP requests, safely store APIKeys, and do a good job of error handling and response analysis; 5. Database design must include sessions, messages, knowledge bases, and user tables, reasonably build indexes, ensure security and performance, and support robot memory

When choosing a suitable PHP framework, you need to consider comprehensively according to project needs: Laravel is suitable for rapid development and provides EloquentORM and Blade template engines, which are convenient for database operation and dynamic form rendering; Symfony is more flexible and suitable for complex systems; CodeIgniter is lightweight and suitable for simple applications with high performance requirements. 2. To ensure the accuracy of AI models, we need to start with high-quality data training, reasonable selection of evaluation indicators (such as accuracy, recall, F1 value), regular performance evaluation and model tuning, and ensure code quality through unit testing and integration testing, while continuously monitoring the input data to prevent data drift. 3. Many measures are required to protect user privacy: encrypt and store sensitive data (such as AES
