With the rapid development of IT technology, modern enterprises are facing more and more complex business systems. The traditional single application architecture can no longer meet the needs, and the microservice architecture emerged as the times require. Microservice architecture is an architectural style in which applications are composed of multiple small services that can be deployed, run, expanded, and maintained independently to achieve better scalability, reusability, and flexibility. sex.

So, how to use PHP to implement microservice architecture? The answer is to use Lumen - a lightweight PHP framework. Based on Laravel, Lumen is a PHP framework designed for building microservices and APIs. This article will introduce how to integrate microservice architecture in Lumen framework.

Step 1: Install Lumen

First, we need to install the Lumen framework locally. The installation steps are the same as for Laravel. It can be installed through composer, as shown below:

composer create-project --prefer-dist laravel/lumen lumen_api

After completion, we can start the Lumen framework running environment locally:

php -S localhost:8000 -t public

When "Lumen development server started: ", it means that the Lumen framework has successfully deployed the local running environment, and we can access its default page through http://localhost:8000.

Step Two: Write Microservices

Next, we will use the Lumen framework to write our first microservice. We are going to create a simple API that gets a list of all users. The steps to implement this API are as follows:

1. Create API route

In the routing file routes/web.php, we need to write a route to handle requests to the API. In this example, we will write a GET route in the route file to handle /get_users requests, as shown below:

$router->get('/get_users', function () use ($router) {
    return 'List of all users';
});

At this point, when you request http://localhost:8000/get_users, The string "List of all users" will be returned.

2. Handling API Requests

Now, we need to create a controller class for our API. Let's create the UserController class that will be responsible for handling the get_users request and returning the list of users. We can create the UserController.php file in the app/Http/Controllers directory and copy the following code into it:

<?php

namespace AppHttpControllers;

use IlluminateHttpRequest;

class UserController extends Controller
{
    public function getAllUsers()
    {
        $users = ['User 1', 'User 2', 'User 3'];
        return response()->json($users);
    }
}

In the above code, we define a public function getAllUsers(), which will Returns a list of all users as a JSON formatted response.

3. Register API routing to the controller

Now we need to register the API routing to the UserController controller in the routing file and map our route /api/get_users to the method UserController@getAllUsers, and modify the route file as follows:

$router->get('api/get_users', 'UserController@getAllUsers');

At this time, when you request http://localhost:8000/api/get_users, a user list in JSON format will be returned, as shown below :

{
    "0": "User 1",
    "1": "User 2",
    "2": "User 3"
}

Finally, we also need to import the UserController class at the top, as shown below:

<?php

use AppHttpControllersUserController;

In this way, we have successfully implemented a most basic API, and it can be used under the Lumen framework run.

Step Three: Integrate the Microservice Framework

Before this, we have created our first API in the Lumen framework, but it is not a real microservice application. In order to turn Lumen into a microservice architecture application, we need to use DDD domain model design ideas to rebuild our application. Then, we will use the idea of ??microservices to decompose each of our services into microservices.

1. Domain Design

First, we need to define our domain model, which is the core of our application. In this example, we will create a simple user management microservice whose main function is to manage user data.

Our user management microservice must have the following functions:

• User Registration
• User Authentication
• User Authorization
• User information management

Now we need to map these functions to the interface of the microservice.

2. Microservice interface

We will design different microservice interfaces according to different functions in the domain model. Here we will define the following microservice interface:

• User registration interface (registerUser)
• User authentication interface (authenticateUser)
• User authorization interface (authorizeUser)
• User information management interface (manageUserInfo)

3. Microservice module

Now, we need to divide our microservice interface into different microservices in the service module. In this example, we will use the following three microservice modules:

• User Authentication and Authorization Microservice
• User Information Management Microservice
• User Registration Microservice Services

These microservice modules will interact directly with our database.

4. Microservice Architecture

We now have our domain model, microservice interface and microservice module components, and we can now simply combine them into A microservices architecture. The entire architecture looks like this:

API Gateway (Lumen) <--> User Authentication and Authorization Microservice <--> User Information Management Microservice <--> User Registration Microservice

We enable the Lumen API Gateway, which is the initial point of our system and will receive all requests and route them to the appropriate microservice module. Our domain model is our business logic, and the microservice interface will control our data interactions.

第四步：實(shí)現(xiàn)微服務(wù)

現(xiàn)在，我們已經(jīng)設(shè)計(jì)了微服務(wù)模塊、微服務(wù)接口和整體微服務(wù)架構(gòu)，我們可以開(kāi)始實(shí)現(xiàn)我們的微服務(wù)。我們將針對(duì)上述三個(gè)微服務(wù)模塊分別進(jìn)行介紹。

1. 用戶認(rèn)證與授權(quán)微服務(wù)

我們的用戶認(rèn)證與授權(quán)微服務(wù)負(fù)責(zé)處理所有與用戶認(rèn)證相關(guān)的任務(wù)。它將接收用戶憑據(jù)并驗(yàn)證它們的憑證是否正確。如果驗(yàn)證成功，它將生成一個(gè)JWT標(biāo)記并將其返回給用戶。

我們將針對(duì)以下任務(wù)編寫(xiě)用戶認(rèn)證與授權(quán)微服務(wù):

• 為用戶生成JWT標(biāo)記
• 驗(yàn)證用戶憑據(jù)

我們可以通過(guò)安裝tymon / jwt-auth組件來(lái)編寫(xiě)我們的用戶認(rèn)證與授權(quán)微服務(wù)。使用以下命令進(jìn)行安裝：

composer require tymon/jwt-auth

然后，我們需要在配置文件中配置JWT密鑰?，F(xiàn)在，我們可以使用以下代碼為用戶認(rèn)證與授權(quán)微服務(wù)創(chuàng)建一個(gè)新控制器：

<?php

namespace AppHttpControllers;

use IlluminateSupportFacadesAuth;
use AppModelsUser;
use IlluminateHttpRequest;

class AuthController extends Controller
{
    /**
     * Create a new AuthController instance.
     *
     * @return void
     */
    public function __construct()
    {
        $this->middleware('auth:api', ['except' => ['login']]);
    }
  
    /**
     * Get a JWT token.
     *
     * @return void
     */
    public function login(Request $request)
    {
        $credentials = $request->only('email', 'password');
        if ($token = $this->guard()->attempt($credentials)) {
            return $this->respondWithToken($token);
        }
        return response()->json(['error' => 'Unauthorized'], 401);
    }
  
    /**
     * Get the authenticated User.
     *
     * @return void
     */
    public function me()
    {
        return response()->json(auth()->user());
    }
  
    /**
     * Log the user out (Invalidate the token).
     *
     * @return void
     */
    public function logout()
    {
        auth()->logout();
        return response()->json(['message' => 'Successfully logged out']);
    }
  
    /**
     * Refresh a token.
     *
     * @return void
     */
    public function refresh()
    {
        return $this->respondWithToken(auth()->refresh());
    }
  
    /**
     * Get the token array structure.
     *
     * @param  string $token
     *
     * @return mixed
     */
    protected function respondWithToken($token)
    {
        return response()->json([
            'access_token' => $token,
            'token_type' => 'bearer',
            'expires_in' => auth()->factory()->getTTL() * 60
        ]);
    }
  
    /**
     * Get the guard to be used during authentication.
     *
     * @return IlluminateContractsAuthGuard
     */
    public function guard()
    {
        return Auth::guard();
    }
}

2. 用戶信息管理微服務(wù)

用戶信息管理微服務(wù)將負(fù)責(zé)向用戶提供用戶相關(guān)信息。在本例中，我們將創(chuàng)建以下操作的API：

• 獲取用戶個(gè)人信息
• 更新用戶密碼

首先，我們將創(chuàng)建一個(gè)新控制器來(lái)管理用戶信息：

<?php

namespace AppHttpControllers;

use IlluminateSupportFacadesHash;
use AppModelsUser;
use IlluminateHttpRequest;

class UserController extends Controller
{
    public function getUser(Request $request)
    {
        $user = User::where('id', $request->id)->first();
        if (!$user) {
            return response()->json(['message' => 'User not found.'], 404);
        }
        return response()->json(['user' => $user]);
    }
  
    public function updateUserPassword(Request $request)
    {
        $user = User::where('id', $request->id)->first();
        if (!$user) {
            return response()->json(['message' => 'User not found.'], 404);
        }
        $user->password = Hash::make($request->password);
        $user->save();
        return response()->json(['message' => 'User password updated successfully.']);
    }
  
}

3. 用戶注冊(cè)微服務(wù)

注冊(cè)微服務(wù)將處理用戶注冊(cè)過(guò)程。在本例中，我們將創(chuàng)建以下功能：

• 創(chuàng)建一個(gè)新用戶，保存到數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中
• 發(fā)送電子郵件以驗(yàn)證用戶的電子郵件地址

首先，我們將創(chuàng)建一個(gè)新控制器來(lái)處理用戶注冊(cè)。它應(yīng)該讀取POST有效載荷并保存新用戶到數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中。然后，它應(yīng)該生成用戶驗(yàn)證令牌并將其發(fā)送到用戶的電子郵件地址。

<?php

namespace AppHttpControllers;

use IlluminateSupportFacadesHash;
use AppModelsUser;
use IlluminateHttpRequest;

class RegisterController extends Controller
{
    public function create(Request $request)
    {
        $user = User::create([
            'name' => $request->name,
            'email' => $request->email,
            'password' => Hash::make($request->password),
        ]);
        $user->sendEmailVerificationNotification(); // send verification email
        return response()->json(['message' => 'User created successfully.']);
    }
  
}

現(xiàn)在，我們可以在Lumen框架中實(shí)現(xiàn)我們的微服務(wù)。我們的系統(tǒng)現(xiàn)在有三個(gè)微服務(wù)模塊：“用戶認(rèn)證和授權(quán)微服務(wù)”、“用戶信息管理微服務(wù)”和“用戶注冊(cè)微服務(wù)”，這些微服務(wù)與數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)交互，并由Lumen API Gateway處理。

總結(jié)

本文介紹了如何在Lumen框架中集成微服務(wù)架構(gòu)，包括領(lǐng)域模型設(shè)計(jì)、微服務(wù)接口和微服務(wù)模塊的開(kāi)發(fā)。以上代碼展示了Lumen框架如何開(kāi)發(fā)微服務(wù)的過(guò)程。通過(guò)使用Lumen框架，開(kāi)發(fā)者可以快速構(gòu)建微服務(wù)，提高代碼質(zhì)量，加快項(xiàng)目進(jìn)程。

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