Spring Boot is a very popular Java development framework. It not only has the advantage of rapid development, but also has many practical functions built in. Among them, task scheduling and scheduled tasks are one of its commonly used functions. This article will explore Spring Boot’s task scheduling and timing task implementation methods.

1. Introduction to Spring Boot Task Scheduling

Spring Boot task scheduling (Task Scheduling) refers to the automated process of performing some specific operations at a specific point in time or under certain conditions. Spring Boot task scheduling can solve many scenarios, such as scheduled database backup, sending emails, regularly cleaning temporary files, statistical data, etc. Task scheduling needs to give a fixed time and then trigger task execution at this time point.

2. Spring Boot task scheduling implementation

1. First introduce Spring Boot’s scheduled task dependencies in the pom.xml file. The following are commonly used scheduled task dependencies:

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-quartz</artifactId>
</dependency>

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-task</artifactId>
</dependency>

2. Create a scheduled task class to implement specific task logic, such as:

@Component
public class MyTask {

    @Scheduled(cron = "0 0/1 * * * ?")
    public void execute() {
        // 任務執(zhí)行邏輯
    }
}

3. Configure the scheduled task in the configuration file application.properties or application.yml

# 配置定時任務的線程池大小
spring.task.scheduling.pool.size=5 

4. Add the @Scheduled annotation to the task class and set the execution time of the task

@Component
public class MyTask {

    // cron表達式：定時執(zhí)行時間，這里是每分鐘執(zhí)行一次
    @Scheduled(cron = "0 0/1 * * * ?")
    public void execute() {
        // 任務執(zhí)行邏輯
    }
}

5. Enable scheduled tasks

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableScheduling
public class Application {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);
    }
}

6. When testing a scheduled task, the console will output the execution time of the task, indicating that the scheduled task has started execution

The application of scheduled tasks is very wide, and it can implement both scheduled tasks and cyclic tasks. Compared with manual execution, it is more convenient and efficient.

3. Spring Boot periodic task implementation

1. Write a scheduled task class to implement the logic of scheduled task execution

@Component
public class MyTask {
    @Scheduled(fixedRate = 5000)
    public void execute() {
        System.out.println("執(zhí)行定時任務：" + LocalDateTime.now());
    }
}

2. In the task class Use the @Scheduled annotation to specify the execution strategy and cycle of the task

@Scheduled(fixedRate = 5000)

The above code indicates that the task will be executed next time after an interval of 5 seconds after the last execution. There are other commonly used scheduled task strategies, such as fixedDelay, which means that after the previous execution is completed, wait for a certain period of time before executing it again; initialDelay, which means the time that needs to be waited before the first task is executed; cron, which means a flexible and complex An expression that defines the execution time of a periodic task.

3. Add the @EnableScheduling annotation to the startup class to enable scheduled tasks

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableScheduling
public class Application {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);
    }
}

4. Start the Spring Boot project, and the task will be automatically executed at the specified time.

4. Precautions for Spring Boot scheduled tasks

1. Scheduled tasks may be delayed or missed, especially in situations of large data volume or high concurrency. , then the thread pool size and task timeout should be set.

# 配置定時任務的線程池大小
spring.task.scheduling.pool.size=5

2. You only need to add the @EnableScheduling annotation to the startup class to enable the scheduled task. Do not execute it repeatedly, otherwise it will cause the scheduled task to be executed multiple times.
3. Avoid using scheduled task implementation methods with low concurrency performance, and use high concurrency solutions to achieve efficient execution.
4. Conclusion

This article introduces Spring Boot’s task scheduling and timing task implementation methods. By studying this article, readers can master the basic knowledge and usage of task scheduling. Task scheduling is an integral part of Java development. Understanding the implementation mechanism of Spring Boot task scheduling will be of great help to us in developing high-availability systems.

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