With the gradual popularization and application of Go language, the coding practices and specifications of Go language have also received more and more attention and attention. This article will introduce common coding practices and specifications in the Go language to help developers write high-quality Go code.

1. Code formatting

Code formatting in Go language is a very important specification and practice. Go language provides an official code formatting tool - goimports, which can automatically adjust the indentation, spaces, quotation marks, etc. of the code, and can also automatically import unimported packages. Using goimports can unify the code style and increase the readability and maintainability of the code.

2. Variable naming

In the Go language, variable naming should be descriptive and be able to clearly express the meaning and function of the variable. Go language recommends using camel case naming, that is, a word string composed of words with the first letter lowercase, such as: userName, userId, etc. In addition, in Go language, use _ to represent unnecessary variables or parameters, such as: _ = err.

3. Error handling

In the Go language, error handling is a very important coding practice and specification. Go language advocates the use of multi-value return to handle errors, that is, the return value before the function return value is the error code, for example:

func openFile(filename string) (file *os.File, err error) {
    file, err = os.Open(filename)
    if err != nil {
        return nil, err
    }
    return file, nil
}

When calling a function, you should check the error code in the function return value to determine the function Whether the execution was successful. In addition, when handling errors, the error message should be as detailed as possible to make the error message clearer and more readable.

4. Function parameter passing

In the Go language, there are two ways to pass function parameters: value passing and pointer passing. When using function parameter passing, you should follow the following specifications:

• For basic types (such as int, float64, bool, etc.), you should use value passing;
• For complex types ( Such as structures, slices, maps, etc.), they should be passed by pointers.

Using value transfer can avoid modification of the original object, and using pointer transfer can modify the value of the original object through the pointer.

5. Writing test cases

When writing Go code, you should write test cases to check the correctness of the code. Go language provides a built-in testing framework - testing, which can quickly write and run test cases. Test cases should detect various situations and boundary conditions of the code to ensure the correctness and stability of the code.

6. File naming and structure definition

In Go language, the file name should be consistent with the name of the structure defined in it. For example, if a structure name is User, then the file name should be user.go. In addition, the structure definition should be placed in the corresponding file and the structure defined as the only type definition for that file.

7. Package import

In the Go language, importing unused packages and importing the same package should be minimized. For the same package, you should use . or alias to import. Also, when importing packages, they should be sorted in alphabetical order.

8. Constant definition

In Go language, constants should be defined in const blocks and should be named with all uppercase letters, such as:

const (
    MAX_NUM = 100
    OK      = "OK"
)

At the same time, type constants should be defined by defining type aliases, such as:

type Age int

const (
    MIN_AGE Age = 18
    MAX_AGE Age = 60
)

Conclusion

The above are the common coding practices and specifications in the Go language. These practices and specifications can improve the readability, maintainability and stability of the code, and help write high-quality Go code. Developers should try to follow these norms and practices when writing Go code to ensure the quality and reliability of the code.

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