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Table of Contents
Preface
1. Are your interface names clear?
2. Is your interface address complete?
3. Is your interface request method correct?
4. 8 major elements of request parameters
7.接口安全
8. 接口版本管理
9. 維護接口文檔更新迭代
10.明確請求頭有哪些
11 接口請求示例
12. 接口測試
Home Backend Development PHP Tutorial 12 points to note when sharing interface design documents

12 points to note when sharing interface design documents

Apr 24, 2023 am 10:58 AM
php rear end

Preface

We do back-end development, and we often need to define interface documents.

When I was doing interface document review recently, I found that the parameter defined by a small partner was an enumeration value, but the interface document did not provide the corresponding Specific enumeration value . In fact, how to write interface documents well is really important. Today, Brother Tianluo brings you 12 points to note in interface design documents~

12 points to note when sharing interface design documents

  • Public account: Little boy picking up snails (There is a carefully original interview PDF of snails)
  • github address, thank you for every star: github

1. Are your interface names clear?

In other words, what does your interface do and is it easy to understand and clear? The general interfaceurl also requires that the function of the interface can be seen. For example, Query User Information (queryUserInfo) is a good interface name.

12 points to note when sharing interface design documents

2. Is your interface address complete?

The address of the interface is also called the URL address of the interface. That is, what URL is used when others call your interface. For example, /api/user/queryUserInfo is an interface address. However, what I want to say is that this is not a complete interface address. Is your interface called HTTP?

If HTTP is called, what is the domain name? Port. A good http interface address should be like this:

https//tianluo.com:15000/api/user/queryUserInfo

12 points to note when sharing interface design documents

3. Is your interface request method correct?

Interface request methods usually include the following:

  • GET: To obtain resources from the server, you can pass parameters in URL, which is usually used to query data.
  • POST: Submit data to the server, usually used for operations such as adding, modifying, and deleting.
  • PUT: Update resources to the server, usually used to update data.
  • DELETE: Delete resources from the server, usually used to delete data.
  • PATCH: Partially updates resources to the server, usually used to modify some data.
  • HEAD: Similar to the GET request, but only returns the response header and not the entity content. It is usually used to obtain meta-information of resources.
  • OPTIONS: Request the server to return supported request methods and other information, usually used for the client and server to negotiate the request method.

When you define the interface document, you need to write clearly, which is your interface request method? Under normal circumstances, we use POST and GET more often. There are also companies that use POST for all interfaces.

12 points to note when sharing interface design documents

4. 8 major elements of request parameters

When we define the interface, the request parameters are one of the most important parts . For a qualified interface document, the request parameters should contain these eight elements:

  • Parameter name: The name of the parameter is named in camel case, such as userId.
  • Type: The type of parameter, such as String, Integer, etc.
  • Required: Whether the request parameters are required. If required, when the upstream does not pass this parameter, a parameter verification exception should be thrown.
  • Default value: If this parameter is not passed, is there a default value and what is the default value.
  • Value range: If it is a numerical type such as Long, Integer, this is a range value, such as 1~10, if it is an enumeration value, That is the enumeration range, such as ACTIVE, INACTIVE.
  • Parameter format: For example, if your parameter is a date, you need to specify the parameter format, such as yyyyMMdd
  • Input parameter example value: Provide an example value of the response parameter, So that developers can better understand and use this parameter.
  • Remarks: If there are special instructions for this input parameter field, you can explain it in this column. If there is no special explanation, it is okay to just describe the function of this parameter.

The following is a sample document for entering parameters:

Parameter name Type Required or not Default value Value range Parameter format Input parameter example value Remarks (description)
userId Long is 0L 0~99999999L None 666L UserId
birthDay String is 19900101 19900101~20231231 yyyyMMdd 19940107 User birthday

12 points to note when sharing interface design documents

##5. 7 major requirements for response parameters

Response Parameters are actually similar to input parameters. There are 7 elements:

    Parameter name: describes the name of the response parameter.
  • Parameter type: describes the data type of the response parameter, such as
  • String, Integer, etc.
  • Parameter format: describes the data format of the response parameter, such as
  • yyyy-MM-dd, HH:mm:ss, etc.
  • Parameter description: Detailed description of the meaning of the response parameters.
  • Value range: Describes the value range of the response parameter, such as
  • integer range, string length, etc.
  • Required: Describes whether the response parameter is required.
  • Example value: Provide an example value for this response parameter so that developers can better understand and use this parameter.
The difference is that the response parameters are generally returned in the format of

code, msg, data:

{
    "code": 0,
    "message": "success",
    "data": {
        "name": "Tom",
        "age": 20,
        "gender": "男"
    }
}

6. Interface error code

A good interface document must include error code enumeration. The general error code definition includes three columns:

Error code, error code information, meaning

##Error code##1001Parameter errorIllegal request parameter1002The user does not existThe corresponding user information was not found based on the given user ID Database error
    • Error information Meaning
      ##1003
      Database access error

      12 points to note when sharing interface design documents

      7.接口安全

      定義接口文檔時,對于一些需要保護的接口,也需要考慮接口的安全,例如權限管理、防止 SQL 注入等。

      因此,接口文檔應當包含接口的安全性說明:例如接口的訪問授權方式、數據傳輸加密方式等。此外,接口文檔還應該對于敏感數據和操作進行標注,方便使用者注意隱私和安全問題。

      12 points to note when sharing interface design documents

      8. 接口版本管理

      在接口文檔定義時,接口版本管理是非常重要的一個方面。由于軟件項目的迭代和升級,接口可能會隨著版本的變化而發(fā)生變化。為了避免接口變化給用戶帶來不必要的困擾,需要對接口進行版本管理。

      以下是一些常用的接口版本管理方法:

      • 在接口文檔中明確版本號:在接口文檔中明確標識接口的版本號,例如在接口地址中添加版本號信息,如https://example.com/api/v1/user,表示該接口的版本號為v1
      • 使用語義化版本號:采用語義化版本號(Semantic Versioning)規(guī)范,即版本號格式為X.Y.Z,其中X表示主版本號、Y表示次版本號、Z表示修訂號。當進行兼容性變更時,需升級主版本號;當增加功能且不影響現有功能時,需升級次版本號;當進行bug修復或小功能改進時,需升級修訂號。
      • 增量發(fā)布:在接口發(fā)生變化時,先發(fā)布新版本的接口,同時保留舊版本的接口。用戶可以根據自己的需求來選擇使用哪個版本的接口。隨著新版本的接口逐步替換舊版本的接口,最終可以將舊版本的接口廢棄。

      無論采用何種方法,接口版本管理都應該得到充分的考慮。在接口版本變化時,需要及時更新接口文檔(詳細描述版本的變化、兼容性問題、版本切換方式等),以確保用戶能夠獲得最新的接口信息。

      9. 維護接口文檔更新迭代

      如果接口發(fā)生了變更,比如參數有哪些變更,錯誤碼變更等等,都需要維護到文檔上。同時需要登記變更的記錄。

      日期變更描述操作人
      2023-04-16創(chuàng)建接口文檔,定義了第一版接口文檔撿田螺的小男孩
      2023-04-18修改接口文檔,增加了錯誤碼,出參等田螺哥

      12 points to note when sharing interface design documents

      10.明確請求頭有哪些

      接口文檔,是需要寫清楚的請求頭的。接口文檔的請求頭可以看到以下的信息:

      • Content-Type:指定請求體的數據格式,如application/json、application/x-www-form-urlencoded、multipart/form-data等。
      • Authorization:用于身份驗證的令牌信息,如Token、Bearer等。
      • Accept:指定客戶端可以接受的響應數據格式,如application/json、text/html等。
      • User-Agent:指定客戶端的類型和版本信息,可以用于服務端進行針對性優(yōu)化。
      • Accept-Encoding:指定客戶端可以接受的數據壓縮格式,如gzip、deflate等。
      • Cache-Control:指定客戶端緩存的策略,如no-cache、max-age等。
      • Cookie:包含客戶端發(fā)送給服務器的cookie信息。

      這是是一個接口文檔的請求頭的示例:

      POST /api/user HTTP/1.1
      Host: example.com
      Content-Type: application/json
      Authorization: Bearer eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJzdWIiOiIxMjM0NTY3ODkwIiwibmFtZSI6IkpvaG4gRG9lIiwiaWF0IjoxNTE2MjM5MDIyfQ.SflKxwRJSMeKKF2QT4fwpMeJf36POk6yJV_adQssw5c
      Accept: application/json
      User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/96.0.4664.110 Safari/537.36
      Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, br
      Cache-Control: no-cache
      Cookie: _ga=GA1.2.1234567890.1234567890; _gid=GA1.2.0987654321.0987654321
      If-None-Match: W/"2a-3TjT7VaqgkT1nJdKjX9Cpijp2FA"
      Referer: https://example.com/login
      Origin: https://example.com
      Content-Length: 43
      
      {"name": "John Doe", "age": 25, "email": "john.doe@example.com"}

      11 接口請求示例

      接口文檔,需要提供接口的使用案例:以方便開發(fā)者理解接口的使用方法和調用流程

      12. 接口測試

      一般來說,接口文檔需要完善:接口測試的方法和測試結果,以便用戶可以測試接口是否符合自己的需求,讓用戶用得放心~哈哈

      The above is the detailed content of 12 points to note when sharing interface design documents. For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!

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