Creation of PHP environment and virtual host (phpstudy wamp)

This article involves two PHP Integrated environment

• phpstudy
• wampserver

Both of these two include mysql apache php, phpstudy is more powerful than wamp, and is very Simple and easy to use.

phpstudy is easy to use because it helps us encapsulate many tedious and error-prone operations. However, if we use it directly, we do not understand the implementation behind it, so learning wamp first can familiarize us with the principles.

1. Create a website with wamp

1.1 Understand the default website program

After the installation is completed, the tray icon is normal green.

My program is installed in D:\wamp64. After finding it normal, directly access the page localhost. The default port is 80. You can ignore

to get a normal response. This page comes from D:\wamp64\www\index.php, which is under the wamp installation directory. The www folder stores the default website programs.

1.2 Create a new virtual host

At this point we need to understand a few files first.

1. hosts, file location: C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc
   

The function is to establish an associated "database" between some commonly used URL domain names and their corresponding IP addresses. When the user enters a URL that needs to be logged in in the browser, the system will first automatically start from Hosts file looks for the corresponding IP address. Once found, the system will immediately open the corresponding web page. If not found, the system will submit the URL to the DNS domain name resolution server for IP address resolution.

2. httpd.conf, file location: D:\wamp64\bin\apache\apache2.4.17\conf

This file is the configuration file of apache and generally does not need to be changed.

3. httpd-vhosts.conf, file location: D:\wamp64\bin\apache\apache2.4.17\conf\extra

This file is a virtual host file. When creating a new website, it needs to be configured in this file to take effect.

The following I have a requirement:

I think it is too wasteful to run only one program on one computer, and port 80 of my local machine is occupied. I want to open a website for ittest.com:81 to access

1) According to the function of the hosts file, when I visit test.com:81, I need it to jump directly without going. Perform dns domain name resolution

So, add a line in the hosts file according to the fixed format

#?當(dāng)訪問www.test.com時(shí)?，?我們告訴電腦直接解析到本機(jī)127.0.0.1?不用去dns域名解析。#?:81屬于端口號?不需要添加到這里127.0.0.1?www.test.com

2). The previous step only tells the computer to resolve to the local, but we haven’t done that yet. The corresponding virtual host is

, so a new virtual host needs to be configured in httpd-vhosts.conf.

<virtualhost>
????DocumentRoot?"網(wǎng)站程序目錄"
????ServerName?綁定的域名
????ServerAlias?綁定的域名別名
??<directory>
??????Options?FollowSymLinks?ExecCGI
??????AllowOverride?All
??????Order?allow,deny
??????Allow?from?all
??????Require?all?granted
??</directory>
</virtualhost>

In additionVirtuaHost *:Port number

After filling in here, it will not take effect because we have not allowed apache to be enabled. Virtual host, now enable it, in the httpd.conf file

Finally set the default port of wamp's apache service:

Successfully obtained response.

2. Creating a website with Phpstudy

After reading wamp, it feels very cumbersome. Next, try using phpstudy.

The demand remains unchanged, let’s create a websitewww.test.com:81,

1.1 Effect demonstration

1), directly Start apache

2) Create website

根目錄選擇項(xiàng)目的根目錄

三)、查看效果

這就完成了…

1.2 配置文件查看

使用過wamp后我們知道，配置一個(gè)虛擬主機(jī)需要改三個(gè)文件，下面看一下phpstudy的操作。

一)、hosts

由于做wamp的時(shí)候已經(jīng)手動添加過了，所以這個(gè)文件看不出來兩者的差異。

二)、httpd.conf和vhost.conf

在wamp中，我們將多個(gè)虛擬主機(jī)的配置項(xiàng)都放在了一個(gè)文件中。

在phpstudy里，將每個(gè)網(wǎng)站的配置項(xiàng)單獨(dú)抽離出個(gè)自己的文件并放到了一個(gè)文件夾中。

httpd-vhosts.conf詳解

首先看下面的配置：

<virtualhost>
????ServerAdmin?webmaster@dummy-host.example.com
????DocumentRoot?"D:/xampp/htdocs/wherein"
????ServerName?www.shop_dev.com
????ErrorLog?"logs/wherein.com-error.log"
????CustomLog?"logs/wherein.com-access.log"?common
????<directory>
????Options?FollowSymLinks?IncludesNOEXEC?Indexes
????DirectoryIndex?index.html?index.htm?index.php
????AllowOverride?all
????Order?Deny,Allow
????Allow?from?all
????Require?all?granted
????</directory>
</virtualhost>

ServerAdmin指令：

語法： ServerAdmin email-address|URL

用來設(shè)置服務(wù)器返回給客戶端的錯(cuò)誤信息中包含的管理員郵件地址。便于用戶在收到錯(cuò)誤信息后能及時(shí)與管理員取得聯(lián)系。

ServerName指令：

語法：ServerName [scheme://] FQDN [:port]

用來設(shè)置服務(wù)器用于辨識自己的主機(jī)名和端口號。主要用于創(chuàng)建重定向URL。

DocumentRoot指令：

語法：DocumentRoot directory-path

用來設(shè)置httpd提供服務(wù)的目錄。即你所在項(xiàng)目入口處的文件夾。

ErrorLog指令：

語法： ErrorLog file-path

來設(shè)置當(dāng)服務(wù)器遇到錯(cuò)誤時(shí)記錄錯(cuò)誤日志的文件。如果file-path不是以/開頭的絕對路徑，那么將會被認(rèn)為是一個(gè)相對于ServerRoot的相對路徑。

CustomLog指令：

語法： ErrorLog file-path common

設(shè)置日志文件，并指明日志文件所用的格式（通常通過格式的名字）。

…

為主目錄或虛擬目錄設(shè)置權(quán)限。

特性：

Options FollowSymLinks IncludesNOEXEC Indexes

一旦定義允許目錄瀏覽，就會將Web站點(diǎn)的文件夾和文件名結(jié)構(gòu)暴露給黑客。目錄瀏覽還會允許黑客瀏覽文件并掌握服務(wù)器配置信息，所以指定該權(quán)限往往帶來安全性上的隱患。除非有充足的理由要使用目錄瀏覽，否則應(yīng)該禁用它。

DirectoryIndex index.html index.htm index.php

設(shè)置訪問目錄后進(jìn)入的默認(rèn)文件

AllowOverride all

定義位于每個(gè)目錄下.htaccess（訪問控制）文件中的指令類型。none為禁止使用.htaccess文件

Order Deny,Allow

Allow from all

設(shè)置缺省的訪問權(quán)限與Allow和Deny語句的處理順序

allow, deny：缺省禁止所有客戶機(jī)的訪問，且Allow語句在Deny語句之前被匹配。如果某條件既匹配Deny語句又匹配Allow語句，則Deny語句會起作用（因?yàn)镈eny語句覆蓋了Allow語句）。

deny, allow：缺省允許所有客戶機(jī)的訪問，且Deny語句在Allow語句之前被匹配。如果某條件既匹配Deny語句又匹配Allow語句，則Allow語句會起作用（因?yàn)锳llow語句覆蓋了Deny語句）。

eg.

Order?deny?,allow
Deny?from?baidu.com
Deny?from?192.168.66.6除了來自baidu.com域和ip地址為192.168.66.6的客戶機(jī)外，允許所有客戶機(jī)訪問
Order?deny?,allow
Allow?from?192.168.66.6
Deny?from?192.168.66.1既匹配Deny語句又匹配Allow語句，由于allow語句覆蓋了deny語句，所以是允許所有客戶機(jī)訪問
Order?allow?,deny
Allow?from?192.168.66.6
Deny?from?192.168.66.1既匹配Deny語句又匹配Allow語句，由于deny語句覆蓋了allow語句，所以是禁止所有客戶機(jī)訪問

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