Algorithm learning - Java implements the longest common subsequence
Nov 03, 2020 pm 04:06 PM實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康模?/p>
輸入兩個(gè)相同類型的序列,用動(dòng)態(tài)規(guī)劃方法計(jì)算他們的最長(zhǎng)公共子序列的長(zhǎng)度以及序列。
(推薦教程:java視頻教程)
思路:
1、先用一個(gè)二維數(shù)組存儲(chǔ)最長(zhǎng)公共子序列的長(zhǎng)度,還要記錄每個(gè)值的狀態(tài)
2、根據(jù)記錄值的狀態(tài),遞歸回溯求出最長(zhǎng)公共子序列
3、遞歸方程:
代碼實(shí)現(xiàn):
package c最長(zhǎng)公共子序列; import java.util.Scanner; /** * @author Draco * @see 最長(zhǎng)公共子序列(Longest common subsequence) * @version * @date-time 2020-04-27 - 下午4:23:36 */ public class LCS { public static void main(String[] args) { // 測(cè)試字符串:ABCBDAB BDCABA Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in); System.out.println("注意:第一個(gè)串要長(zhǎng)于第二個(gè)串"); System.out.print("請(qǐng)輸入第一個(gè)字符串:"); String string1 = scanner.next(); System.out.print("請(qǐng)輸入第二個(gè)字符串:"); String string2 = scanner.next(); String str1 = string1; String str2 = string2; // String str1 = "ABCBDAB"; // String str2 = "BDCABA"; int[][] c = getSubstringMatrix(str1, str2); String[][] b = getTrace(str1, str2); System.out.println("長(zhǎng)度矩陣:"); show(c); System.out.println(); System.out.println("方向矩陣:"); showForString(b); System.out.println("最長(zhǎng)公共子序列的長(zhǎng)度:" + c[str1.length()][str2.length()]); String sMax = str1.length() > str2.length() ? str1 : str2; // 選擇最長(zhǎng)的串,因?yàn)橐〕鲎畲笞哟? String sMin = str1.length() < str2.length() ? str1 : str2; // 選擇最小的串 System.out.print("最長(zhǎng)公共子串:"); print(b, sMax, sMax.length(), sMin.length()); } /** * @see 找出子序列的矩陣,其中最后一行,最后一列就是最長(zhǎng)子序列的的長(zhǎng)度 * @param x 第一個(gè)字符串 * @param y 第二個(gè)字符串 * @return 長(zhǎng)度矩陣 */ public static int[][] getSubstringMatrix(String x, String y) { int xLen = x.length() + 1; // 加1是因?yàn)槌跏蓟谝粋€(gè)為0 int yLen = y.length() + 1; int rLen = xLen > yLen ? xLen : yLen; // 大的串置為行 int cLen = xLen < yLen ? xLen : yLen; // 小的串置為列 int[][] c = new int[rLen][cLen]; // 矩陣c保存狀態(tài) for (int i = 1; i < rLen; i++) { for (int j = 1; j < cLen; j++) { if (x.charAt(i - 1) == y.charAt(j - 1)) { // 相等,由斜對(duì)角線+1 c[i][j] = c[i - 1][j - 1] + 1; } else if (c[i - 1][j] >= c[i][j - 1]) { // 不相等,選取較大的 c[i][j] = c[i - 1][j]; } else { c[i][j] = c[i][j - 1]; } } } return c; // 長(zhǎng)度矩陣 } /** * @see 記錄每個(gè)值的狀態(tài),這樣方便后面的回溯遞歸 * @param x 第一個(gè)字符串 * @param y 第二個(gè)字符串 * @return 方向矩陣 */ public static String[][] getTrace(String x, String y) { int xLen = x.length() + 1; int yLen = y.length() + 1; // 給矩陣c和b設(shè)置行和列 int rLen = xLen > yLen ? xLen : yLen;// 大的串置為行 int cLen = xLen < yLen ? xLen : yLen;// 小的串置為列 int[][] c = new int[rLen][cLen]; String[][] b = new String[rLen][cLen]; for (int i = 1; i < rLen; i++) { for (int j = 1; j < cLen; j++) { if (x.charAt(i - 1) == y.charAt(j - 1)) {// 相等 c[i][j] = c[i - 1][j - 1] + 1; b[i][j] = "\\\\";// 指向左上角 } else if (c[i - 1][j] >= c[i][j - 1]) {// 不相等 // 當(dāng)上面的數(shù)值大 c[i][j] = c[i - 1][j]; b[i][j] = "|";// 指向上邊 } else { // 當(dāng)下面的數(shù)值大 c[i][j] = c[i][j - 1]; b[i][j] = "——";// 指向左邊 } } } return b;// 方向矩陣 } /** * @see 遞歸實(shí)現(xiàn)回溯,然后打印出最長(zhǎng)公共子序列 * @param b 方向矩陣 * @param s 較長(zhǎng)的字符串 * @param i 較長(zhǎng)串的長(zhǎng)度 * @param j 較短串的長(zhǎng)度 */ public static void print(String[][] b, String s, int i, int j) { // 遞歸終止的條件 if (i == 0 || j == 0) { return; } // 判斷遞歸進(jìn)行的條件 if (b[i][j].equals("\\\\")) { // 遇到斜線,遞歸到左上角 print(b, s, i - 1, j - 1); System.out.print(s.charAt(i - 1) + " "); } else if (b[i][j].equals("|")) { // 遇到豎線,遞歸到上邊 print(b, s, i - 1, j); } else if (b[i][j].equals("——")) { // 遇到橫線,遞歸到左邊 print(b, s, i, j - 1); } } /** * @see 打印二維數(shù)組 * @param b 一個(gè)二維數(shù)組 */ public static void show(int[][] b) { for (int w = 0; w < b.length; w++) { for (int p = 0; p < b[w].length; p++) { System.out.print(b[w][p] + "\\t"); if (p == b[w].length - 1) { System.out.println(); } } } } /** * @see 打印字符串的二維數(shù)組 * @param b 一個(gè)字符串的二位數(shù)組 */ public static void showForString(String[][] b) { for (int w = 1; w < b.length; w++) { System.out.print("\\t"); for (int p = 1; p < b[w].length; p++) { System.out.print(b[w][p] + "\\t"); if (p == b[w].length - 1) { System.out.println(); } } } } }
運(yùn)行結(jié)果:
相關(guān)推薦:java入門(mén)
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