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Home PHP Framework Laravel How to learn laravel framework in php (novice beginner)

How to learn laravel framework in php (novice beginner)

Jul 16, 2020 am 11:59 AM
laravel

How to learn laravel framework in php (novice beginner)

關(guān)于laravel的介紹就不講了,總之laravel是款比較強(qiáng)大的框架,它是國(guó)外框架所以在安裝的上面可能比較麻煩。

laravel的安裝

首先安裝laravel之前要安裝composer,如果是linux系統(tǒng)即可直接下載安裝,下載完后不能安裝記得修改下文件權(quán)限用命令chmod,這邊主要講下window下如何使用composer這個(gè)工具。?

首先百度搜索中國(guó)composer鏡像,就可以找到composer config -g repositories.packagist composer?http://packagist.phpcomposer.com這條命令,運(yùn)行cmd在命令行運(yùn)行上面的命令,就可以下載composer工具,

下載成功后可以看到composer文件底下有個(gè)composer.json文件這是一個(gè)配置文件,打開(kāi)配置文件寫(xiě)明php版本信息和要下載的laravel信息,格式如下:

  {
    "name": "laravel/laravel",
    "description": "The Laravel Framework.",
    "keywords": ["framework", "laravel"],
    "license": "MIT",
    "type": "project",
    "require": {
        "php": ">=5.5.9",
        "laravel/framework": "5.1.*"
    },
    "require-dev": {
        "fzaninotto/faker": "~1.4",
        "mockery/mockery": "0.9.*",
        "phpunit/phpunit": "~4.0",
        "phpspec/phpspec": "~2.1"
    },
    "autoload": {
        "classmap": [
            "database"
        ],
        "psr-4": {
            "App\\": "app/"
        }
    },
    "autoload-dev": {
        "classmap": [
            "tests/TestCase.php"
        ]
    },
    "scripts": {
        "post-install-cmd": [
            "php artisan clear-compiled",
            "php artisan optimize"
        ],
        "pre-update-cmd": [
            "php artisan clear-compiled"
        ],
        "post-update-cmd": [
            "php artisan optimize"
        ],
        "post-root-package-install": [
            "php -r \"copy('.env.example', '.env');\""
        ],
        "post-create-project-cmd": [
            "php artisan key:generate"
        ]
    },
    "config": {
        "preferred-install": "dist"
    },
    "repositories": [
        {"type": "composer", "url": "http://packagist.phpcomposer.com"},
        {"packagist": false}
    ]
}```

配置好之后輸入composer install 進(jìn)行安裝laravel,這邊要比較注意的是安裝目錄的路徑問(wèn)題,如果你想安裝在d盤(pán)底下就在把命令行切到d目錄底下進(jìn)行安裝(在此操作之前要配置好環(huán)境變量)。

laravel的目錄結(jié)構(gòu)介紹

安裝完的第一次肯定是要想怎么去運(yùn)行它,很簡(jiǎn)單,直接進(jìn)入public文件就可以打開(kāi)一個(gè)開(kāi)始頁(yè)面,如果在本地的話那就是localhost/laravelproject/public,就可以運(yùn)行。

接下來(lái)介紹下laravel目錄結(jié)構(gòu),首先介紹下public的index.php文件 里面主要是加載了開(kāi)始文件然后才能成功運(yùn)行l(wèi)aravel,具體的兩個(gè)文件你可以在根目錄下bootstrap文件夾中找到。現(xiàn)在看下app中的結(jié)構(gòu):

How to learn laravel framework in php (novice beginner)
view中主要放的是視圖文件(創(chuàng)建文件時(shí)要用到blade模板,比如創(chuàng)建test.blade.php,laravel中是結(jié)合blade模板引擎來(lái)調(diào)用視圖模板)

controller放的是控制器(手動(dòng)創(chuàng)建時(shí)記得要用composer 命令進(jìn)行更新)

config中主要是配置文件(比如配置數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)時(shí)要用到database.php文件)

models主要是放模型(也就是數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的表)

routes則是路由配置,

filters則是過(guò)濾器。

laravel是怎么運(yùn)行的

剛學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)肯定是要先嘗試下如何運(yùn)行這個(gè)laravel,首先手動(dòng)創(chuàng)建一個(gè)controller,文件命名為T(mén)estController.php,然打開(kāi)命令行進(jìn)入項(xiàng)目的根目錄下 執(zhí)行 composer dumpautoload,里面內(nèi)容可以模仿homeController.php。

然后編輯routes.php文件,將原來(lái)的Route::GET(‘/’,function()…);修改為Route::Get(‘/’,’TestController@showWelcome’); 然后運(yùn)行也會(huì)跳到laravel歡迎界面。

如果Route::Get(‘test’,’TestController@showWelcome’);則在網(wǎng)站根目錄下后面直接增加test就可以訪問(wèn)了,到了這里應(yīng)該明白了怎么到Controller,Controller怎么到View了。

laravel數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)配置

這邊用到的是mysql,進(jìn)行了簡(jiǎn)單的配置

'mysql' => array(
'driver'    => 'mysql',
'host'      => 'localhost',
'database'  => 'oss',
'username'  => 'root',
'password'  => '',
'charset'   => 'utf8',
'collation' => 'utf8_unicode_ci',
'prefix'    => '',
)

laravel的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)使用

數(shù)據(jù)表比較多時(shí)且數(shù)據(jù)表的前綴不一樣,則可以先配置模型model,在models文件夾中建立一個(gè)文件要與表名一樣的php文件,內(nèi)容如下:
<?php
use Illuminate\Auth\UserTrait;
use Illuminate\Auth\UserInterface;
use Illuminate\Auth\Reminders\RemindableTrait;
use Illuminate\Auth\Reminders\RemindableInterface;
class User extends Eloquent implements UserInterface, RemindableInterface {
    use UserTrait, RemindableTrait;
    /**
     * The database table used by the model.
     *
     * @var string
     */
    protected $table = &#39;users&#39;;
    /**
     * The attributes excluded from the model&#39;s JSON form.
     *
     * @var array
     */
    protected $hidden = array(&#39;password&#39;, &#39;remember_token&#39;);
}

即可以直接使用 User ::all() 查詢(xún)所有結(jié)果 ,User::find(2)查詢(xún)一個(gè),Post::findOrFail(2)

如果沒(méi)找到就會(huì)返回錯(cuò)誤,Post::save()、Post::where()->find()、Post::add()、Post::delete()

數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的簡(jiǎn)便操作:

DB::table(‘tablename’)->insert([
        插入多個(gè)時(shí)要再加一個(gè)數(shù)組
        [&#39;title&#39;=>&#39;title&#39;,&#39;name&#39;=>&#39;name&#39;]
        [&#39;title&#39;=>&#39;title&#39;]
        [&#39;title&#39;=>&#39;title&#39;]
        ])
        插入時(shí)要想得到ID
        DB::table(&#39;tablename&#39;)->insertGetId([&#39;title&#39;=>&#39;titles&#39;])
        更新數(shù)據(jù)要有ID
        DB::table(&#39;tablename&#39;)->where(&#39;id&#39;,1)->update([&#39;title&#39;=>&#39;titles&#39;])
        刪除數(shù)據(jù)
        DB::table(&#39;tablename&#39;)->where(&#39;id&#39;,1)->delete();
        查詢(xún)數(shù)據(jù)
        DB::table(&#39;tablename&#39;)->get();  得到全部的值
        DB::table(&#39;tablename&#39;)->get([&#39;title&#39;]); 只查詢(xún)title的值
        DB::table(&#39;tablename&#39;)->first();  只拿第一個(gè)
        DB::table(&#39;tablename&#39;)->orderBy(&#39;id&#39;,&#39;desc&#39;)->first(); 根據(jù)id排序
        DB::table(&#39;tablename&#39;)->where(&#39;id&#39;,&#39;!=&#39;,2)->get(); 不等于2
        DB::table(&#39;tablename&#39;)->where(&#39;id&#39;,&#39;!=&#39;,2)->where(&#39;id&#39;,&#39;>&#39;,5)->get(); 可以使用多個(gè)where
        DB::table(&#39;tablename&#39;)->where(&#39;id&#39;,&#39;!=&#39;,2)->OrWhere(&#39;id&#39;,&#39;>&#39;,5)->get(); 或者
        DB::table(&#39;tablename&#39;)->whereBetween(&#39;id&#39;,[2,5])->get();  閉包之間
        DB::table(&#39;tablename&#39;)->whereIn(&#39;id&#39;,[2,5,9])->get();
        DB::table(&#39;tablename&#39;)->whereNotIn(&#39;id&#39;,[2,5,9])->get();
        DB::table(&#39;tablename&#39;)->whereNull(&#39;id&#39;)->get();  為空的話就可以查詢(xún)出來(lái)
        DB::table(&#39;tablename&#39;)->take(3)->get();  只查詢(xún)3個(gè)
        DB::table(&#39;tablename&#39;)->limit(3)->get();  只查詢(xún)3個(gè)
        DB::table(&#39;tablename&#39;)->skip(2)->take(3)->get();  只查詢(xún)3個(gè)跳過(guò)第二個(gè)
        DB::table(&#39;tablename&#39;)->where(&#39;id&#39;,&#39;!=&#39;,2)->pluck(&#39;title&#39;); 只返回它的title
        DB::table(&#39;tablename&#39;)->count();  有多少條記錄
        DB::table(&#39;tablename&#39;)->max(&#39;id&#39;);
        DB::table(&#39;tablename&#39;)->min(&#39;id&#39;);
        DB::table(&#39;tablename&#39;)->avg(&#39;id&#39;);
        DB::table(&#39;tablename&#39;)->sum(&#39;id&#39;);

多表關(guān)聯(lián)

在Post中定義

public function comment(){ return $this->hasMany(&#39;Comment&#39;,&#39;post_id&#39;) }
 正向關(guān)聯(lián)   一對(duì)多   一對(duì)一是hasOne

在Comment中定義

public function post(){ return $this->belongsTo(&#39;Post&#39;,&#39;post_id&#39;) }
  反向關(guān)聯(lián)

取得關(guān)聯(lián)值

    Post::find(2)->comment  就可以得到Comment這張表的內(nèi)容   //這樣查詢(xún)一個(gè)是可以的  查詢(xún)多個(gè)就要設(shè)置預(yù)載入
            查詢(xún)多個(gè)
                Post::with(&#39;comment&#39;)->get();
                Post::with([&#39;comment&#39;=>function($query){$query->where(&#39;id&#39;,&#39;>&#39;,2)}])->get();  加條件

感謝大家的閱讀,希望大家有所收益。

本文轉(zhuǎn)自:https://blog.csdn.net/Happy_CSDN/article/details/49363219

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