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Home php教程 php手冊 用Session對Web頁面進行保護

用Session對Web頁面進行保護

Jun 21, 2016 am 09:15 AM
gt php quot session

session|web|頁面

在很多時候,我們都要對某些Web 頁面進行安全保護。典型的例子就是前臺瀏覽頁面與后臺管理頁面的安全性。這也是 WEB 上用得最多的一種頁面安全模式。在用PHP4 開發(fā)一個小型的書籍管理系統(tǒng)中,我也遇到了這個安全問題。于是我想到了PHP4 的新特性----Session ..

要求目的:同一站點,無權(quán)用戶,一般授權(quán)用戶和超級用戶能看到和使用不同的頁面。

實現(xiàn)辦法:在要保護的頁面 include 不同級別的安全檢驗摸板。

注意事項:
1 > 要避免用戶瀏覽器不使用 cookie 而不能瀏覽受保護的頁面(session 默認(rèn)使用客戶端的 cookie).
2 > 要防止權(quán)限被盜用。( PHP 4 的 session 的默認(rèn)存活期間是從建立 session 開始到關(guān)閉瀏覽器為止。)

如何使用:
1 > 在需要一般保護的頁面的代碼最前邊加上 include ("secturity2.php"); 就行了
2 > 在需要特殊保護的頁面的代碼最前邊加上 include ("secturity1.php"); 和 include ("secturity2.php"); 就行了
(假設(shè)所有文件都在同一個文件夾里)

程序代碼及詳細(xì)解釋:
security1.php 特殊用戶頁面保護摸板
security2.php 一般用戶頁面保護摸板
login2.php 用戶登陸頁面

我們先來看 login2.php (用戶登陸頁面)的代碼:

session_register("user");#增加用戶名變數(shù)
session_register("password"); #增加密碼變數(shù)
session_register("tmLast"); #增加時間變數(shù)
if($user==""){#判斷是否是第一次登陸
$error="Chooseyounameandinputthepasswordplease!";
}
$tmLast=date("U"); #記錄登陸時間
if($user1)
$user=trim($user1); #記錄用戶名(引用user1變量是為什么?請讀者自己思考。)
$password=trim($password1); #記錄密碼
if($user1&&$password1){
if($password1==888){ #判斷登陸密碼是否是默認(rèn)密碼888結(jié)束 PHP 程式
$sid="PHPSESSID=".session_id(); #保存當(dāng)前session的ID號
$warning="Yourpasswordisstillthedefaultpassword888,pleasechangeit.";
header("Location:changePassword.php?$sid&warning=$warning"); #傳遞警告參數(shù)warning到changePassword.php 頁面
exit(); #立刻結(jié)束 PHP 程式
}
if(strtolower($user)=="root"){ #判斷登陸用戶是否是超級用戶,可以自行擴充用戶
$fileName="backend_index.php";
}
else{
if(!$fileName) #判斷進入登陸頁面的上一頁是否是受保護頁面
$fileName="index.php";
}
$sid="PHPSESSID=".session_id(); #保存當(dāng)前session的ID號
header("Location:$fileName?$sid); #登陸成功進入指定頁面,傳遞當(dāng)前session的ID號,防止用戶不使用 cookie 而讀不到 session 值
exit(); #立刻結(jié)束 PHP 程式
}
?>






LoginPage


echo"$error"; #顯示登陸提示
?>
"method=post>

Name:
include("class/dbclass.inc"); #調(diào)用dbclass.inc類,用法和 mysql.inc 類一樣
$q=newDB_Sql; #定義一個新的對象
$q->connect($Host,$Database,$User,$Password); #連接 mysql數(shù)據(jù)庫
$query="selectchrUserName,chrFirstName,chrLastName".
"fromUser".
"wherechrFirstName!=''".
"orderbychrFirstName";
$q->query($query); #執(zhí)行sql語句
echo"";
while($q->next_record()){ #從數(shù)據(jù)庫中調(diào)出一般用戶
if($user==$q->f(0)) #判斷是否是當(dāng)前用戶
$select="selected"; #是當(dāng)前用戶則設(shè)置為默認(rèn)值
else
$select="";
echo"f(0)."'$select>".
ucfirst($q->f(1))."". #用戶名首字大寫
ucfirst($q->f(2))."";
}
echo"";
?>


Password:


>
>




security2.php (一般用戶頁面保護摸板):
session_register("user"); #說明同上
session_register("password");
session_register("tmLast");
if($fileName=="")
$fileName=$PHP_SELF; #記錄當(dāng)前頁面路徑
if($durtime=="")
$durtime=300; #設(shè)置 session “失效”時間
$currtime=date("U");
if(($currtime-$tmLast)>$durtime){ #判斷 session是否“失效”
//session_destroy();
$error=urlencode("Seesionexpired.Loginagainplease!");
header("Location:login2.php?fileName=$fileName&error=$error&user=$user"); #跳到重新登陸頁
exit();
}
else{
$tmLast=$currtime; # session 沒“失效”則更新最后“登陸”時間
}

include("class/dbclass.inc");

$q=newDB_Sql;
$q->connect($Host,$Database,$User,$Password);

$query="selectidUserfromUser".
"wherechrUserName='$user'".
"andchrPasswd='$password'";
$q->query($query);

if(!$q->num_rows()){ #判斷是否找到密碼匹配的用戶
$error=urlencode("PasswordiswrongorNoprivilegeuser.");
header("Location:login2.php?fileName=$fileName&error=$error&user=$user"); #跳到密碼錯誤登陸頁
}
else{
$sid="PHPSESSID=".session_id();
$q->next_record();
$USERID=$q->f(idUser); #保存通過驗證用戶的ID號,方便以后使用
}
?>

security1.php (特殊用戶頁面保護摸板):
session_register("user"); #說明同上
$privilege="root,macro,jackie"; #設(shè)置超級用戶名單列表,用“,”隔開
$pieces=explode(",",$privilege); #取得單個超級用戶名單
for($i=0;$i if(strtolower($user)==$pieces[$i]){ #判斷是否是超級用戶
$hasPrivilege=1;
break; #跳出判斷循環(huán)
}
}

if(!$hasPrivilege){
if($fileName=="")
$fileName=$PHP_SELF;
$error=urlencode("Youhavenoprivilegetoviewthispage!");
header("Location:login2.php?fileName=$fileName&error=$error&id=$id");
exit(); #跳到無權(quán)用戶登陸頁面
}
?>





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