PHP的歷史和優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)
Jun 21, 2016 am 09:14 AM1 歷史
Rasmus Lerdorf為了創(chuàng)建他的在線簡(jiǎn)歷而創(chuàng)造了"個(gè)人主頁(yè)工具"(Personal Home Page Tools)。這是一種非常簡(jiǎn)單的語(yǔ)言。其后越來(lái)越多的人們注意到了這種語(yǔ)言并對(duì)其擴(kuò)展提出了各種建議。在許多人的無(wú)私奉獻(xiàn)下以及這種語(yǔ)言本身的源代碼自由性質(zhì),它演變成為一種特點(diǎn)豐富的語(yǔ)言,而且現(xiàn)在還在成長(zhǎng)中。
PHP雖然很容易學(xué)習(xí),但是速度上比mod_perl(植入web服務(wù)器的perl模塊)慢?,F(xiàn)在有了可以與mod_perl速度想媲美的被稱(chēng)作Zend的新引擎,而PHP4就可以充分利用這個(gè)引擎。PHP4還處在BETA測(cè)試階段。Andy Gutmans和Zeev Suraki是Zend的主要作者??梢匀end站點(diǎn)(http://www.zend.com)了解更多。
PHP的應(yīng)用在個(gè)人性質(zhì)的web工程中增長(zhǎng)顯著。根據(jù)Netcraft在1999年10月的報(bào)告,有931122個(gè)域和321128個(gè)IP地址利用PHP技術(shù)。
2 PHP的優(yōu)點(diǎn)
應(yīng)用PHP有許多好處。當(dāng)然已知的不利之處在于PHP由于是開(kāi)放源碼項(xiàng)目,沒(méi)有什么商業(yè)支持,并且由此而帶來(lái)的執(zhí)行速度緩慢(直到PHP4之前)。但是PHP的郵件列表很是有用而且除非你正在運(yùn)行像Yahoo!或者Amazon.com這樣的極受歡迎的站點(diǎn),你不會(huì)感覺(jué)出PHP的速度與其他的有什么不同。最起碼我就沒(méi)有感覺(jué)出來(lái)!好了,讓我們來(lái)看看PHP有那些優(yōu)點(diǎn):
- 學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程
與Java和Perl不同,你不必把頭埋進(jìn)100多頁(yè)的文檔中努力學(xué)習(xí)才可以寫(xiě)出一個(gè)象樣的程序。只要了解一些基本的語(yǔ)法和語(yǔ)言特色,你就可以開(kāi)始你的PHP編碼之旅了。之后你在編碼過(guò)程中如果遇到了什么麻煩,還可以再去翻閱相關(guān)文檔。
PHP的語(yǔ)法與C,Perl,ASP或者JSP。對(duì)于那些對(duì)上述之一的語(yǔ)言較熟悉的人來(lái)說(shuō),PHP太簡(jiǎn)單了。相反的,如果你對(duì)PHP了解較多,那么你對(duì)于其他幾種語(yǔ)言的學(xué)習(xí)都很簡(jiǎn)單了。
你只需要30分鐘就可以將PHP的核心語(yǔ)言特點(diǎn)全部掌握,你可能已經(jīng)非常了解HTML,甚至你已經(jīng)知道怎樣用編輯設(shè)計(jì)軟件或者手工來(lái)制作好看的WEB站點(diǎn)。由于PHP代碼能夠無(wú)障礙的添加進(jìn)你的站點(diǎn),在你設(shè)計(jì)和維護(hù)站點(diǎn)的同時(shí),你可以很輕松的加入PHP使得你的站點(diǎn)更加具有動(dòng)態(tài)特性。
- 數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)連接
PHP可以編譯成具有與許多數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)相連接的函數(shù)。PHP與MySQL是現(xiàn)在絕佳的組合。你還可以自己編寫(xiě)外圍的函數(shù)取間接存取數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)。通過(guò)這樣的途徑當(dāng)你更換使用的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)時(shí),可以輕松的更改編碼以適應(yīng)這樣的變化。PHPLIB就是最常用的可以提供一般事務(wù)需要的一系列基庫(kù)。
- 可擴(kuò)展性
就像前面說(shuō)的那樣,PHP已經(jīng)進(jìn)入了一個(gè)高速發(fā)展的時(shí)期。對(duì)于一個(gè)非程序員來(lái)說(shuō)為PHP擴(kuò)展附加功能可能會(huì)比較難,但是對(duì)于一個(gè)PHP程序員來(lái)說(shuō)并不困難。
- 面向?qū)ο缶幊?
PHP提供了類(lèi)和對(duì)象?;趙eb的編程工作非常需要面向?qū)ο缶幊棠芰?。PHP支持構(gòu)造器、提取類(lèi)等。
- 可伸縮性
傳統(tǒng)上網(wǎng)頁(yè)的交互作用是通過(guò)CGI來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)的。CGI程序的伸縮性不很理想,因?yàn)樗鼮槊恳粋€(gè)正在運(yùn)行的CGI程序開(kāi)一個(gè)獨(dú)立進(jìn)程。解決方法就是將經(jīng)常用來(lái)編寫(xiě)CGI程序的語(yǔ)言的解釋器編譯進(jìn)你的web服務(wù)器(比如mod_perl,JSP)。PHP就可以以這種方式安裝,雖然很少有人愿意這樣以CGI方式安裝它。內(nèi)嵌的PHP可以具有更高的可伸縮性。
- 更多特點(diǎn)
PHP的開(kāi)發(fā)者們?yōu)榱烁m合web編程,開(kāi)發(fā)了許多外圍的流行基庫(kù),這些庫(kù)包含了更易用的層。你可以利用PHP連接包括Oracle,MS-Access,Mysql在內(nèi)的大部分?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)庫(kù)。你可以在蒼蠅上畫(huà)圖,編寫(xiě)程序下載或者顯示e-mail。你甚至可以完成網(wǎng)絡(luò)相關(guān)的功能。最好的是,你可以選擇你的PHP安裝版本需要哪些功能。引用Nissan的Xterra的話來(lái)說(shuō)就是PHP可以做到你想讓它做到的一切而且無(wú)所不能!
3 競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手:ASP,mod_perl,JSP
我當(dāng)然不清楚ASP/JSP能做些什么。不過(guò)明確的是編寫(xiě)那樣的代碼有多簡(jiǎn)單,購(gòu)買(mǎi)它們會(huì)有多昂貴以及它們需要多么昂貴和強(qiáng)大的硬件。如果你有什么中立的觀點(diǎn)(比如說(shuō)沒(méi)有被SUN和Microsoft的百萬(wàn)美金所影響),請(qǐng)順便通知我。
據(jù)我所知,JSP基于Java,因此Java程序員可以輕松開(kāi)始編碼。ASP只是一個(gè)一般的引擎,具有支持多種語(yǔ)言的能力,不過(guò)默認(rèn)的并且是最常用的還是VBScript。
mod_perl與Perl一樣強(qiáng)大,只是更快一些。
如果你在安裝過(guò)程中有什么問(wèn)題,可以到論壇討論。

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