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Home php教程 php手冊 使用原會話

使用原會話

Jun 21, 2016 am 09:14 AM
count php quot session

一個被大家長期所期待的PHP 4.0特性是會話支持。相比之下,PHP 3.0用戶則不得不使用第三方庫或根本不能實現(xiàn)此項功能。而缺乏會話支持則正是PHP最受人批評的地方。不過,從早期測試版的發(fā)布開始,會話支持就成為PHP 4.0的一部分,因此這個問題也得到了消除。



你可以通過會話以在用戶訪問網(wǎng)絡站點期間維持用戶特定變量,而無須設置多個cookie、使用隱蔽表單域,或在你可能經(jīng)常要連結(jié)的一個數(shù)據(jù)庫內(nèi)存儲信息等。

在一個頁面上啟動會話即告之PHP引擎要么是要開始一個會話(如果之前沒有啟動)或是繼續(xù)當前會話:

session_start();

啟動一個會話將通過cookie向用戶發(fā)送一個認證字符串(如940f8b05a40d5119c030c9c7745aead9);而在服務器端則會創(chuàng)建一個同名的相映臨時文件,如sess_940f8b05a40d5119c030c9c7745aead9。此文件包含了注冊會話變量及其值。

顯示會話動作最常見的例子是訪問計數(shù)器:

啟動你的PHP模塊,并完全確保PHP代碼是文件的第一行:無空白、無HTML輸出等任何代碼。原因是會話函數(shù)發(fā)出一個文件頭時,如在調(diào)用session_start()函數(shù)之前發(fā)送了空白或者HTML輸出,系統(tǒng)將會出錯。



//如果會話對用戶并不存在,啟動一新會話

session_start();

接下來,注冊count變量。

session_register('count');

注冊變量即告之PHP:只要在會話存在時,一個名叫count的變量也就存在。目前此變量還沒有賦值。不過,如果你對其加1,則值即可被賦為1:

$count++;
把以上各點一并考慮,你已經(jīng)完成以下工作:啟動了一個會話(如果先前沒有)、為某個用戶分配了會話標識(如果不存在會話標識)、注冊了名為count的變量并把$count加1以表示此次為用戶首次訪問頁面:



要顯示用戶在當前會話中已經(jīng)訪問頁面次數(shù),只需要輸出$count的值:

echo "

You've been here $count times.

";

整個訪問計數(shù)器代碼如下:



session_start();

session_register('count');

$count++;

echo "

You've been here $count times.

";

?>

如果重新裝載以上腳本,可以發(fā)現(xiàn)計數(shù)值增加。這的確令人激動。

同時可以在會話中注冊數(shù)組。假設你已經(jīng)有一個名為$faves的數(shù)組:

$faves = array ('chocolate','coffee','beer','linux');

可以象其他單個變量一樣注冊該數(shù)組:

session_register('faves');

應用數(shù)組同應用其他單獨變量相同,如$faves。如果用戶希望在Web站點的一個頁面上現(xiàn)場展示其愛好,則可以在名為$faves會話變量中注冊用戶愛好,并在另一頁面輸出這些值:



session_start();

echo "My user likes:

    ";

    while (list(,$v) = each ($faves)) {

    echo "
  • $v"; }

    echo "
";

?>

這樣即可得到一個顯示用戶愛好的美觀簡潔的列表。

會話變量值不能被查詢字符串所覆蓋,也就是說,不能通過鍵入http:///www.yourdomain.com/yourscript.php?count=56 來為注冊會話變量$count賦予新值。這一點對安全而言是至關重要:你只能在服務器端通過腳本修改或者刪除(未注冊的)會話變量。

如果希望完全刪除某個會話變量,應從系統(tǒng)中取消注冊該變量:

session_unregister('count');

要完全刪除某會話,如按下Logout按鈕,則下列腳本比較簡潔:

session_destroy();

使用會話來存儲變量值減輕了數(shù)據(jù)庫連接負載,并避免了噩夢般復雜代碼的編寫,以及用大量隱私聲明以解釋為何在訪問過程中向用戶發(fā)送多達50份cookie。而現(xiàn)在僅僅需要一個cookie、一個變量就可以了——如同一顆水珠折射出整個世界——沒有比這更簡單的了!



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