PHP腳本的10個技巧(轉自ZDNet) --采用PHP的用戶認證
Jun 21, 2016 am 09:12 AM技巧|腳本
采用PHP的用戶認證
如果你希望在每一個腳本的基礎上實現(xiàn)口令保護功能,那么你可以聯(lián)合使用header()函數(shù)和$PHP_AUTH_USER、$PHP_AUTH_PW全局變量來創(chuàng)造一個基本的認證方案。通常的、基于服務器的認證請求/響應回合很象下面這個樣子:
1.用戶向一臺Web服務器請求一個文件。如果文件在一個受到保護的區(qū)域以內,服務器就在響應的文件頭內加上401(非法用戶)字符串作為回應。
2.瀏覽器看見該響應之后就彈出用戶名/口令對話框。
3.用戶在對話框中輸入用戶名和口令,然后單擊“確認”按鈕把這些信息送回到服務器。
4.如果用戶名和口令有效,被保護的文件將對用戶顯示,并且,只要現(xiàn)在經(jīng)過證實的用戶一直在保護區(qū)域以內。以上的認證過程都有效。
一個簡單的PHP腳本可以模仿HTTP認證請求/響應系統(tǒng),方法就是發(fā)送適當?shù)腍TTP頭來使得用戶名/口令對話框自動出現(xiàn)在客戶機的屏幕上。PHP把用戶輸入對話框的信息存儲在$PHP_AUTH_USER和$PHP_AUTH_PW變量中。使用這些變量,你就可以把不符合用戶名/口令檢驗的列表存放到某個文本文件、數(shù)據(jù)庫或者你任何自己指定的地方
注意:$PHP_AUTH_USER、$PHP_AUTH_PW和$PHP_AUTH_TYPE這三個全局變量只有在PHP被當作一個模塊安裝時才是有效的。如果你正在使用PHP的CGI版本,那么你只能受限于采用基于.htaccess的認證或基于數(shù)據(jù)庫的認證方式,這樣你就必需設計HTML表單讓用戶輸入用戶名和口令,再讓PHP進行有效性的檢查。
下面的這個例子顯示對2個設定值的檢查,但在理論上和以上的用戶名和口令檢查并無本質的不同。
/* Check for values in $PHP_AUTH_USER and $PHP_AUTH_PW */
if ((!isset($PHP_AUTH_USER)) || (!isset($PHP_AUTH_PW))) {
????/* No values: send headers causing dialog box to appear */
????header('WWW-Authenticate: Basic realm="My Private Stuff"');
????header('HTTP/1.0 401 Unauthorized');
????echo 'Authorization Required.';
????exit;
} else if ((isset($PHP_AUTH_USER)) && (isset($PHP_AUTH_PW))){
????/* Values contain some values, so check to see if they're correct */
????if (($PHP_AUTH_USER != "validname") || ($PHP_AUTH_PW != "goodpassword")) {
???????/* If either the username entered is incorrect, or the password entered is incorrect, send the headers causing dialog box to appear */
???????header('WWW-Authenticate: Basic realm="My Private Stuff"');
???????header('HTTP/1.0 401 Unauthorized');
???????echo 'Authorization Required.';
???????exit;
????} else if (($PHP_AUTH_USER == "validname") || ($PHP_AUTH_PW == "goodpassword")) {
???????/* if both values are correct, print success message */
???????echo "
You're authorized!
";????}
}
?>
記住,當你正在使用基于文件的保護措施時,這種方式不是絕對能保護目錄的安全毯。這對你們中的大多數(shù)人而言是顯而易見的,但是,如果你的大腦在彈出對話框之間和保護給定目錄之間建立一個連接,那么你必須費點勁來認識這一進程。

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