How do you create a custom right-click context menu in HTML5?
Aug 04, 2025 pm 03:12 PMTo create a custom right-click context menu, you need to follow the following steps: 1. Use the contextmenu event and call e.preventDefault() to block the default menu; 2. Create a hidden div as a custom menu, get the mouse position when right-clicked through JavaScript, and display it in that location; 3. Add a click event listener for each menu item, perform the corresponding operation according to the data-action attribute, and hide the menu after clicking; 4. Optionally, check whether the menu exceeds the viewport boundary, and if it exceeds, adjust its position to ensure it is fully visible. After completing these steps, you can implement a custom right-click menu of pure HTML, CSS and JavaScript without relying on any framework. The final effect is that when the user right-clicks, the custom style menu is displayed and functional interaction is supported. During testing, you need to pay attention to accessibility and keyboard operation compatibility.
Creating a custom right-click context menu in HTML5 involves a few key steps: preventing the default browser context menu, capturing the right-click event, and displaying your own styled menu at the cursor position. Here's how you can do it:

1. Prevent the Default Context Menu
Right-clicking normally opens the browser's default context menu. To replace it, you need to stop that from happening using the contextmenu
event.
document.addEventListener('contextmenu', function(e) { e.preventDefault(); // Stop the default menu });
2. Show Your Custom Menu
When the user right-clicks, display your custom menu. You can create a div
element styled to look like a menu and position it where the mouse clicked.

HTML
<div id="custom-menu" class="custom-menu"> <div data-action="copy">Copy</div> <div data-action="paste">Paste</div> <div data-action="cut">Cut</div> </div> <p>Right-click anywhere in this area to see the custom menu.</p>
CSS
.custom-menu { display: none; position: absolute; background: #ffff; border: 1px solid #ccc; box-shadow: 2px 2px 5px rgba(0,0,0,0.2); border-radius: 4px; padding: 8px 0; min-width: 120px; z-index: 1000; } .custom-menu div { padding: 8px 16px; cursor: pointer; } .custom-menu div:hover { background: #f0f0f0; }
JavaScript
const menu = document.getElementById('custom-menu'); document.addEventListener('contextmenu', function(e) { e.preventDefault(); // Position the menu at the mouse coordinates menu.style.top = `${e.clientY}px`; menu.style.left = `${e.clientX}px`; // Show the menu menu.style.display = 'block'; }); // Hide the menu when clicking elsewhere document.addEventListener('click', function() { menu.style.display = 'none'; });
3. Add Functionality to Menu Items
You can assign actions to each menu item using data attributes or event listeners.
Array.from(menu.children).forEach(item => { item.addEventListener('click', function() { const action = this.getAttribute('data-action'); alert(`You selected: ${action}`); // Add real functionality here (eg, copy to clipboard) menu.style.display = 'none'; }); });
Bonus: Keep Menu Inside Viewport
To prevent the menu from appearing off-screen, adjust its position if needed:

const x = e.clientX; const y = e.clientY; const menuHeight = menu.offsetHeight; const menuWidth = menu.offsetWidth; const windowWidth = window.innerWidth; const windowHeight = window.innerHeight; let top = y; let left = x; // Adjust if menu goes beyond bottom or right if (top menuHeight > windowHeight) top = windowHeight - menuHeight; if (left menuWidth > windowWidth) left = windowWidth - menuWidth; menu.style.top = `${top}px`; menu.style.left = `${left}px`;
That's it. You now have a fully functional, custom right-click context menu using plain HTML, CSS, and JavaScript — no frameworks needed. Just make sure to test accessibility and consider keyboard users if this is for a production site.
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