To list all files in a directory, Python provides multiple methods, mainly three ways: 1. Use os.listdir() to quickly list files and subdirectories in directories; 2. Use os.walk() to recursively list all files in directories and their subdirectories; 3. Use pathlib.Path to be more modern and clearer syntax. 1. os.listdir() is simple and straightforward, returning a list of strings, but does not distinguish between files and directories, nor does it recurse subdirectories. Files can be filtered through os.path.isfile(); 2. os.walk() recursively finds all hierarchical files through traversal, suitable for batch processing or searching for specific types of files; 3. pathlib.Path handles paths in an object-oriented manner, with more readable syntax, supports chain calls and wildcard matching, and its iterdir() method can list the current directory file, and rglob() can recursively find all files. If you need to filter a specific type of file, you can do it through the endswith() or glob() method. Different methods return different data types, so pay attention to the processing method.
To list all files in a directory, Python provides a variety of methods, most commonly using the os or pathlib modules. These two methods have their own advantages, and the specific choice depends on your project style and needs.
Using os.listdir() is simple and straightforward
If you only need to obtain all the files and subdirectory names in a certain directory, os.listdir() is the most basic and direct method.
import os files = os.listdir('.') print(files)
This code lists all file and folder names in the current directory, and returns a list of strings. Note that it does not distinguish between files and directories, nor does it recurse subdirectories.
Tips:
- The parameter
'.'represents the current directory, and can also be replaced with other paths such as'my_folder' - If you only want to see the files, you can use
os.path.isfile()for filtering
Use os.walk() to get all files in the directory (including subdirectories)
If you need to recursively list all files in a directory and its subdirectories, os.walk() is a good choice.
import os
for root, dirs, files in os.walk('.'):
for file in files:
print(os.path.join(root, file))This will traverse all levels of files in the current directory and print the full path. This method is especially suitable for handling the entire folder structure.
Common uses:
- Batch processing of files (such as renaming, copying)
- Find files of a specific type (such as all
.txtfiles)
Use pathlib.Path is more modern and easier to read
Starting from Python 3.4, it is recommended to use the pathlib module, which handles paths in an object-oriented manner and has clearer syntax.
from pathlib import Path files = [f for f in Path('.').iterdir() if f.is_file()] print(files)
This code lists all files in the current directory (excluding files in subdirectories). If you want to recursively search, you can use rglob() :
files = list(Path('.').rglob('*')) print(files)
This lists all files and folders in the current directory and subdirectories.
Advantages:
- More modern syntax and more readable
- Supports chain calls and wildcard matching (such as
**/*.txt)
Tips: List only specific types of files
Regardless of the way you use, if you want to list only some type of files, such as all .py files, you can handle it like this:
- Check with
os.listdir()suffix:
py_files = [f for f in os.listdir('.') if f.endswith('.py')]
- Using
pathlib'sglob():
py_files = list(Path('.').glob('*.py'))
Or recursive search:
py_files = list(Path('.').rglob('*.py'))
Basically these methods are all, just select the appropriate function according to your specific needs. It is not complicated but easy to ignore that the data types returned by different methods are slightly different, such as os.listdir() returns a string, while Pathlib 's method returns a Path object. Pay attention to conversion or use the corresponding method when processing.
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