What is the difference between Web SQL Database and IndexedDB?
Aug 02, 2025 am 02:07 AMWeb SQL Database uses a relational model with SQL, while IndexedDB uses a NoSQL key-value model with JavaScript objects. 2. Web SQL is deprecated with limited browser support, whereas IndexedDB is a fully supported W3C standard in all modern browsers. 3. Web SQL suits structured tabular data, while IndexedDB offers greater flexibility for structured or semi-structured data. 4. Web SQL has asynchronous and synchronous APIs, but IndexedDB is fully asynchronous, preventing UI blocking. 5. Web SQL is no longer maintained and not recommended for new projects, while IndexedDB is actively developed and preferred for modern applications. Therefore, IndexedDB is the recommended choice for current and future web applications.
Web SQL Database and IndexedDB are both client-side storage solutions for web applications, but they differ significantly in design, functionality, and long-term viability. Here's a breakdown of the key differences:

1. Database Model and Query Language
-
Web SQL Database
Based on SQLite, it uses a relational database model. You interact with it using SQL (Structured Query Language) to create tables, insert records, and run queries.
Example:CREATE TABLE users (id unique, name); INSERT INTO users VALUES (1, 'John');
IndexedDB
Uses a NoSQL, key-value storage model. Data is stored as objects (similar to JavaScript objects), and you retrieve data using indexes or keys. No SQL syntax involved.
Example:const user = { id: 1, name: 'John' }; const request = store.add(user);
2. Standardization and Browser Support
Web SQL Database
Was standardized by the W3C but officially deprecated in 2010 due to lack of cross-vendor support and concerns about long-term maintenance.
Only supported in Chrome, Safari, and older versions of Opera and Android Browser. Not supported in Firefox or IE/Edge.-
IndexedDB
Is a fully supported W3C standard and available in all modern browsers, including Chrome, Firefox, Safari, Edge, and mobile browsers. It’s the recommended client-side storage for complex applications.
3. Data Structure and Scalability
Web SQL
Best for structured, tabular data with well-defined relationships. Scales well for apps that already use SQL concepts.IndexedDB
More flexible — stores JavaScript objects directly and supports hierarchical data. Better suited for large amounts of structured or semi-structured data, like caching app data or storing files with metadata.
4. Asynchronous vs. Synchronous Operations
Web SQL
Provides asynchronous APIs, but also includes a synchronous version (not usable in main thread due to blocking).-
IndexedDB
Entirely asynchronous, which prevents blocking the main UI thread. However, it uses a more complex event-based or promise-based (in newer versions) flow.Example of IndexedDB flow:
- Open database → On success, create transaction → Access object store → Perform operation → Handle success/error events.
5. Future and Maintenance
Web SQL
No future development. Deprecated and not being evolved. Not recommended for new projects.IndexedDB
Actively maintained and evolving. Modern enhancements include better promise-based APIs (e.g., via libraries or the upcomingIDB
with async/await support).
Summary
Feature | Web SQL Database | IndexedDB |
---|---|---|
Data Model | Relational (tables, rows) | NoSQL (objects, key-value) |
Query Language | SQL | JavaScript API (no SQL) |
Browser Support | Limited (mainly WebKit-based) | Full (all modern browsers) |
Standard Status | Deprecated | Active W3C standard |
Asynchronous | Yes (async API available) | Fully asynchronous |
Recommended for New Apps? | No | Yes |
If you're building a modern web app, use IndexedDB (possibly with a wrapper library like Dexie.js for easier syntax). Web SQL should only be considered for maintaining legacy apps. Basically, IndexedDB is the present and future of client-side storage.
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